Ten Year Old Girl Used in Suicide Attack in Nigeria

By Kathryn Maureen Ryan
Impunity Watch, Managing Editor

ABUJA, Nigeria –  At least 19 people have been killed in a suicide bombing carried out in a crowded market in the northeastern Nigerian city of Maiduguri, the capital of the Borno State, reports say a young girl, believed to be about ten years old, was used to carry out the attack.  The attack was carried out at 12.40pm (1140 GMT) while the market was packed with shoppers and traders. The attack comes just a week after a major attack in the fishing town of Baga, also in Borno, carried out by Boko Haram, the largest attack ever carried out by the extremist military group. According to Amnesty International as many as 2,000 people may have been killed in the Baga attack. So far no group has claimed reasonability for the Maiduguri blast. The same market where the blast occurred was struck twice last year by suicide bombers. The city lies in the heartland of the Boko Haram insurgency.

A screen grab from a video released by Boko Haram, showing its leader Abubakar Shekau delivering a speech – 31 October 2014 The militants control large swathes of territory in north-eastern Nigeria. (Photo Courtesy of BBC News)

Ashiru Mustapha, a witness to the bombing said the young girl was searched at the entrance of the market, which has seen similar attacks in the past. However, the witness says the explosives detonated as the young girl was being searched. Mustapha said “The girl was about 10 years old and I doubt if she actually knew what was strapped to her body. “In fact, she was searched at the entrance of the market and the metal detector indicated that she was carrying something. But sadly, the explosion went off before she was isolated,” Mustapha said. Borno State police spokesman Gideon Jubrin said 19 people were killed and 18 others were injured in the attack but warned that the death toll could rise.

In the latest campaign by the African Islamic militant group Boko Haram, part of a string of attacks over the last several weeks and months, hundreds of gunmen reportedly overtook the town of Baga, its neighboring villages, and a multinational military base killing as many as 2,000 people. Last week attack in Baga lasted 5 days as gunmen overran local communities, Nigerian military police reportedly abandoned their posts after seeing the gunmen approach. In recent days the string of Boko Haram attacks has destroyed at least 16 villages. The attacks have forced thousands to flee their homes, approximately 10,000 people have fled to neighboring Chad, with reports of civilians drowning while attempting to cross Lake Chad.

Boko Haram is suspected in the suicide bombing attack in Maiduguri Saturday. The shocking use of a young child, who possibly was not even aware of what she was being used for, to commit such an atrocities is said by some to be unprecedented in the Boko Haram insurgency. However, the group, which was established to in opposition of young girls receiving education, is known to have kidnapped and abused young girls. Last April the militants kidnapped more than 200 schoolgirls in the Chibok region. Nine months later, the majority of the girls are still missing.

For more information please see:

The Boston Globe – Boko Haram Uses Young Girl in Nigerian Suicide Bombing – 11 January 2015

BBC News – Boko Haram Crisis: Nigeria’s Baga Town Hit by New Assault – 10 January 2015

Christian Science Monitor – Another Massacre? Why Nigeria Struggles To Stop Boko Haram (+Video) – 10 January 2015

CNN International – Boko Haram Amps up Attacks on Nigerian Villages – 10 January 2015

The New York Times – In Nigeria, New Boko Haram Suicide Bomber – 10 January 2015

Executions Put On Hold While States Search For New Lethal Injection Drugs

By Lyndsey Kelly
Impunity Watch Reporter, North America

WASHINGTON D.C., United States of America – Following numerous botched executions, some states have decided to halt the use of the popular two-drug lethal injection combination of the sedative midazolam and painkiller hydromorphone. Ohio has made the decision to halt the use of this combination after the protracted death of an inmate a year ago, and has since postponed the execution of a prisoner scheduled for February. U.S. District Judge Gregory Frost ordered a halt in executions in Ohio to give attorneys time to prepare challenges to the state’s new plans for lethal injections, last may. Ohio must change any execution procedures at least 30 days before a scheduled execution.

Last January, Ohio was the first state to use the combination of the drugs during the execution of Dennis McGuire for the rape and murder of a pregnant woman in 1993. The execution took 25 minutes and many witnesses said that the inmate gasped and seized for 15 of those minutes. His children have since filed a federal court.

Many states that employ the death penalty are seeking new execution drug formations after pharmaceutical companies refused to supply the drugs, because they no longer want to be associated with capital punishment. In December, Ohio passed a law that would provide confidentiality to pharmacies that chose to prepare lethal formulations. The law is designed to make it easier to obtain compounded pentobarbital, the state’s first choice for executions but which it hasn’t been able to find. However, inmates have challenged this new law, claiming that it violates their right to due process.

Additionally, Arizona has stopped the use of the same two-drug lethal injection cocktail that was used in Ohio after the July execution of an inmate, which took nearly two hours and 15 doses. Arizona’s Department of Corrections Director, Charles Ryan, has publicly announced that the agency will no longer use the drug combination. However, Ryan is adamant that the procedures were “done appropriately and with the utmost professionalism.” The state of Arizona has since put all executions on hold, pending the outcome of a lawsuit stemming from the botched execution.

 

For more information, please see the following:

AL JAZEERA – Arizona to Change Lethal Injection Drugs After Prolonged Execution – 23 Dec. 2014.

BOSTON HERALD – Arizona to Change Drugs It Uses In Executions – 22 Dec. 2014.

REUTERS – Ohio to Change Execution Drugs After Inmate’s Prolonged death – 8 Jan 2015.

YORKTON THIS WEEK– Ohio Lethal Drug Supply Expires April 1, Limiting Executions Without New Drugs – 8 Jan. 2015.

Mexican Government Struggles To Control Violence: 10 Decapitated Bodies Found

By Lyndsey Kelly
Impunity Watch Reporter, North America

 MEXICO CITY, Mexico – Mexico has seen a recent surge in violence that the Mexican government has been unable to quell. On 26 September, several students were abducted by corrupt police officers that were in concert with a drug gang located in Iguala, the biggest city in Guerrero. The Mexican government is still investigating the occurrence. However, Attorney General Jesus Murillo has gone on record to state that the evidence strongly suggests that police officers handed the students over to the cartel members who later incinerated them. The remains of only one of the missing 43 students has been identified.

Vigalantes performed a gun salute at a funeral for a fellow vigilante (Photo Courtesy of Washington Post).

The tragic occurrence, which took the lived of so many students, has sparked major protests throughout Mexico. In protest, citizens have began to seize city hall and occupy various other government buildings. Mexican President, Enrique Pena Nieto, has faced harsh criticisms from the public in failing to solve the case and ultimately end the violence in the country, the majority of which stems from drug gangs.

A more recent occurrence of violence had Mexican police finding 10 decapitated corpses and 11 heads in a southwestern state. The headless corpses were found in graves about 31 miles east of the Guerrero state capital Chilpancingo. The bodies showed signs of torture as their hands had been tied, according to local security officials. On the same day as the violence, President Pena Nieto was meeting with the President of the United States, Barack Obama, in Washington.

During his meeting with Pena Nieto at the White House, President Barack Obama said that he was committed to helping Mexico eradicate the drug cartels that are plaguing the country with violence. However, Obama made sure to inform President Pena Nieto that it was ultimately the responsibility of the Mexican government to resolve the problems created by the cartel. President Obama did however state that the United States was committed to being a “friend and supporter of Mexico in its efforts to eliminate the scourge of violence and the drug cartels that are responsible for so much tragedy inside of Mexico.”

 

 

For more information, please see the following:

REUTERS – Ten Bodies And 11 Heads Found In Violent Mexican State – 7 Jan. 2015.

STAR TRIBUNE – Mexico: 10 Bodies, 11 heads Found In Clandestein Graves In Violence- Plagued Guerrero State – 7 Jan. 2015.

THE GUARDIAN – 10 Decapitated Bodies Found In Troubled Mexican State Of Gurrero – 7 Jan. 2015.

WASHINGTON POST – Who’s In Charge In Michoacan? Mexican Government And Militias Struggle For Control – 7 Jan. 2015.

13th Century Tomb Destroyed by Syrian Militants in act of Ethnocide

By Kathryn Maureen Ryan
Impunity Watch, Managing Editor

DAMASCUS, Syria – Militant fighters loyal to the Jabhat al-Nusra, an al Qaeda affiliate in Syria, destroyed the tomb of Imam Nawawi, a revered Islamic scholar, on Wednesday, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK based Human Rights agency. Imam Nawawi, born in 1233 AD, is believed to have written several books on Islamic studies and Quranic verses. After his death in 1277 AD, he was buried in his hometown of Nawa. The tomb was built in the thirteenth-century and is only the latest significant cultural and historical site to be destroyed in the practiced civil war in Syria. A report published by the United Nations last year said that satellite images showed alarming damage to nearly 300 significant historical sites including never UNESCO World Heritage Sites last year. “The alarming level of damage to many of these areas do call for increased international and national attention to better protect the rich cultural heritage of Syria,” the U.N. said, in its report. One of these sites was located in the city of Raqqa, a city that was invaded by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) which subsequently declared the city its headquarters, where the Sufi Muslim Uwais al-Qarni Mosque and a shrine to Ammar ibn Yasir, believed to be one of Prophet Muhammad’s companions was destroyed by the militant group. The act of destroying these historic sites is often seen as an attempt to destroy any cultural heritage and even erase the historical identity of any culture or idea that is contrary the extremist ideologies of groups like the Al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, these actions may be considered acts of Genocide or Ethnocide under International Law.

Al-Nusra Front blows up 800-year-old mausoleum of leading Islamic scholar, Imam Nawawi, in Deraa province Syria. (Photo Courtesy of Al Jazeera)

Under the language of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, “genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.” the term “ethnocide” is not specifically referenced in the Genocide Convention, Raphael Lemkin intended the term to refer to the cultural or ethnic aspects of genocide; which involved not only the destruction of human life but the destruction of people, their identity and way of life. In terms of cultural genocide and ethnocide, the objectives of such a plan would be destruction of the elements that make up the identity of the group. Such a plan may be carried out with intent to disintegrate the “political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups.”

Militant groups like Jabhat al-Nusra, al Qaeda and the Islamic State group follow a puritanical Salafist doctrine that prohibits the construction and veneration of tombs and shrines, which are viewed as un-Islamic and sacrilegious by these extremists. A number of Salafist groups have also been implicated in attacks on Sufi shrines in Libya and Tunisia, according to media reports. These actions are an attempt to eradicate historic and cultural symbols that are seen as contrary to the ideology of the militant groups. As groups like Al Nursra and ISIS fight to establish an Islamic State in Syria and the region, based only on their own interoperations of the Quran, are not only attack other faiths, ideologies, cultures and views through violence today but by wiping out the long, diverse history that predates their extremist views.

For more information please see:

Al Jazeera – Syrian Fighters Destroy Historic Muslim Tomb –8 January 2015

Al Arabiya – Extremists Destroy 13th Century Muslim Tomb in Syria – 8 January 2015

International Business Times – Al-Nusra Rebels Demolish 13th Century Tomb in Southern Syria Deemed Un-Islamic By Salafists – 8 January 2015

Economic Times of India – Al Qaeda-Linked Militants Blow Up 13th Century Muslim Tomb in Syria – 8 January 2015