By: Madison Kenyon
Impunity Watch Staff Writer
BEIJING, China — On December 31, 2019, the government in
Wuhan, China announced that health authorities were in the process of treating
dozens of individuals who all had similar symptoms. A few days later, the Wuhan
government confirmed that these individuals had all been infected with a new
virus: COVID-19. Now about five months later, the spread of the virus seems to
be slowing down in cities throughout China, and thus China has begun lifting its
lockdown measures.
Despite the
Chinese government lifting many of its lockdown measures, over 200 cities in
China now require its citizens to download software that tracks citizens’
movements. Specifically, in order to freely move throughout different Chinese
regions, a citizen must download either the WeChat or Alipay App which contains
this software. After downloading this, the citizen is required to answer a list
of personal information questions, including: name, Chinese ID number, phone
number, residential address, their place of work, their travel history, and
their purpose for being in the region. Next, the citizen is required to answer
a list of health questions, ranging from “Do you have any symptoms? to “Have
you been in contact with someone with COVID-19?” Based on the answers to these
questions, each citizen is administered a different colored scanning code –
either green, yellow, or red. Those who receive a green code can move around the
city freely. However, those that receive a yellow code must self-quarantine for
seven days, and those with a red code must self-quarantine for 14-days.
Although these
cities have not technically made it a requirement for its citizens to download
this software, they have implicitly done so since citizens may not travel
throughout the city without a colored code. Specifically, a citizen is required
to scan into every public place they enter. The government argues this is
necessary to track the travel history of someone who becomes infected with
COVID-19 and track who the infected person has been in contact with.
On the outside,
this appears to be a creative way to track and maintain the spread of COVID-19.
However, this tracking technology concerns many human rights activists. For
starters, there is no end-date for the use of this technology. Many believe the
Chinese government will continue to use the “health-scare” justification to track
its citizens far after this global pandemic is over. Second, there has not been
much transparency from the Chinese government as to how it reaches its decision
in the color code it provides to each individual. Due to this, many believe
that China will use this color-coded system to silence the government’s
dissenters by giving them red codes and forcing them into isolation. This is
especially troublesome since this pandemic broke out amid the Hong Kong
protests. As Sophie Richardson, the China Director at Human Rights Watch,
stated, “This is viewed as scary stuff from a human rights perspective…It is
yet another way to gather information about people to potentially use it
against them in ways which there’s no legal basis.”
It will surely be
interesting to see if these predictions by human rights activists come true.
For further information, please see:
CNN – China is Fighting the Coronavirus with a Digital QR Code. Here’s How it Works – 16 Apr. 2020
ABC News – China Rolls Out Software Surveillance for the COVID-19 Pandemic, Alarming Human Rights Advocates – 14 Apr. 2020
N.Y. Times – A Timeline of the Coronavirus Pandemic – 14 Apr. 2020
Business Insider – As China Lifts Its Coronavirus Lockdown, Authorities are Using a Color-Coded Health System to Dictate Where Citizens Can Go. Here’s How It Works. – 7 Apr. 2020
