Change of Rape Law in Morocco

By Justin Dorman
Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

RABAT, Morocco –There once was a time in Morocco where a rapist could avoid any charges against him, if he were to marry his victim. The times, they are changing, as is Moroccan rape law.

Amina al-Filali’s suicide triggered protests that would eventually lead to the amending of Article 475. (Photo Courtesy of Al Jazeera)

The tradition that safeguarded the rapists was codified in Article 475 of the penal code which stated that those who were found to have “corrupted” or “kidnapped” a minor could go free if they married the victim. This practice was encouraged by the courts of Morocco because of the antediluvian judgment that a woman’s loss of virginity out-of-wedlock would tarnish the respect of the family.

The strict translation of Article 475 from French reads, “When a minor removed or diverted married her captor, the latter cannot be prosecuted on the complaint of persons entitled to apply for annulment of marriage and cannot be sentenced until after the cancellation of marriage has been pronounced.”

This effort to change the law comes approximately a year after sixteen-year-old Amina al-Filali killed herself with rat poison after she was forced into an abusive marriage with Moustapha Fellak, whom had previously raped her.

Women’s rights activists are happy to see reform in this law, but are still calling for many more changes to be made. President of the Democratic League for Women’s Rights, Fouzia Assouli, explained that, “the code only penalizes violence against women from a moral standpoint, ‘and not because it is just violence’.”

For instance, the new article that was just proposed carries a twenty-year penalty for consensual sex that follows the corruption of a minor that results in “deflowering,” but carries only a ten-year penalty if no “deflowering” occurs. Similarly, there are no penalties for conjugal or marital rape, whereas nearly fifty percent of all attacks against women take place between married couples.

Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane defends his country and its practices by insisting that the change in law is more a formality than a dramatic departure from current practices. He claims that, “in five-hundred and fifty cases of corruption of minors between 2009 and 2010, only seven were married under Article 475 of the penal code, the rest were pursued by justice.”

Before the amended article becomes law, it must be passed by both houses of parliament. Parliament has been slow in the past at passing laws on women’s rights, as a law to combat violence against women has been neglected by parliament for the past eight years.

For further information, please see:

Al Jazeera – Morocco to Change Rape Marriage law – 24 January 2013

Feminist – Morocco to Change Rape law that Forces Marriage – 24 January 2013

Jurist – Morocco to Change Rape law Allowing Marriage – 24 January 2013

National Sexual Violence Resource Center – Morocco Plan to Change Rape Marriage law – 23 January 2013

Masked Serbian Police Remove Albanian Rebel Memorial

By Madeline Schiesser
Impunity Watch Reporter, Europe

PRESEVO, Serbia – By order of the Serbian government, 200 heavily armed special police officers, their faces covered, removed a memorial from the ethnically mixed Presevo Valley that bore the names of 27 ethnic Albanian guerrillas killed during a 2000 insurgency in the region.

An armed officer stands by while the Presevo war memorial is loaded into a truck. (Photo Courtesy of France24)

During and after the Kosovo war (1998-1999, with insurgency in the southern Serbian regions of Presevo, Medvedja, and Bujanovac continuing though 2001), Albanian rebels fought against Serbia.  The Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedja and Bujanovac (LAPMB) hoped to free these regions from Serbian control and unite with Kosovo.  To Serbian authority, these rebels were seen as terrorists.  However, to ethnic Albanians, they were heroes.  However, the LAPMB laid down their arms under a NATO-brokered peace deal in 2001 in which Serbia agreed to greater rights and economic opportunity for the impoverished South.  Such progress has been slow.  Furthermore, Serbia has never recognized Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence in 2008, and still considers it to be a southern province.

The Presevo Valley memorial held particular significance to the Albanian community.  Although there are other memorials in the area, the two-meter (six-foot) rectangular stone monument stood with pride in Presevo’s central square, in front of the local council building.  The slab bore the LAMPB insignia and the inscribed names of the 27 guerillas who died in the insurgency.  It had been erected in December by the primarily ethnic Albanian local council, and local officials refused an order from the Serbian government to remove it by Thursday at 11pm.

In January, several attempts were made to reach a resolution between the government and Presevo authorities, but all were rejected by the Presevo city Hall

Then on Sunday January 20, beginning overnight and backed by armored personnel carriers, 200 heavily armed, masked police officers moved in on Presevo and removed their war memorial.

Declaring that the monument had been erected illegally, Prime Minister Ivica Dacic said, “We showed enough patience. Our clear and strong message is that the law should be respected and that no one is stronger than the state.” He further stated that “no one has the right to humiliate Serbia.”

The removal came only days after the European Union had praised Serbia for making progress in normalizing relations with Kosovo.  Kosovo warned that the removal could hurt EU-mediated talks aimed at such normalizing.

The head of the Albanian National Council in Presevo, Galip Beqiri, called the removal “an unacceptable act of vandalism” and said that plans to launch protests were being discussed.

Accordingly, at least 2,000 ethnic Albanians in Presevo took to the streets on Monday in protest.  They waved Albanian flags and banners that read “Stop discrimination” and “Europe, open your eyes”.

Although both the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the United Nations have appealed for calm, several acts of vandalism were reported in Serb cemeteries in Kosovo.  Furthermore, police reported shots fired near a Serbian memorial for the Kosovo war in the western town of Gorazdevac, as well damage to a World War II monument in the eastern town of Vitina.

Albania and Kosovo, both having majority ethnic-Albanian populations, condemned the memorial removal.  The government of Kosovo, in addition to saying the decision would undermine normalization talks, further said in a statement, “This action by the government of Serbia is another proof that the hate against Albanians that live in the Presevo Valley is still alive.”

For further information, please see:

Al Jazeera – Protests After Serbia Removes Memorial – 21 January 2013

RFE/RL – Albanians Protest Removal Of Presevo Monument – 21 January 2013

France24 – Police Remove Monument to Albanian Rebels in Serbia – 20 January 2013

RFE/RL – Serbia Removes Ethnic Albanian Memorial – 20 January 2013

Returns – Police remove Albanian Rebel Memorial in South Serbia – 20 January 2013

Syrian Revolution Digest: Wednesday, 23 January 2013

“Kleptocrats of the World, Unite!”

Russian FM cannot make head or tail of that “obsession” prevalent in rebel circuits with Assad’s removal. His own obsession with defending kleptocratic regimes, on the other hand, makes perfect sense, being a card-carrying member of one such regime himself. And that’s a far greater obstacle to peace than our insistence on Assad’s removal.

Today’s Death Toll: By end of Wednesday, the LCC documented 146 deaths, including 15 children and 13 women: 74 martyrs fell in Aleppo, 23 martyrs in Damascus and its Suburbs, 12 martyrs in Homs, 11 martyrs in Daraa, 9 martyrs in Hama, 6 martyrs in Hasakeh, 2 martyrs in each of Deir Ezzor and Lattakia, and one martyr in each of Raqa and Swaida (LCCs).

Points of Random Shelling: The LCC also documented 253 different points of shelling, 19 of which were hit by aerial strikes from war planes and choppers, 2 were hit by thermobaric bombs, and one area was hit by both thermobaric and phosphorus bombs. Artillery shelling targeted 112 points: 75 of which were hit by mortars and 66 by missiles (LCCs).

Clashes: Free Syrian Army rebels clashed with regime forces in 109 different points, liberating police station No. 25 at the Jordanian borders, and seizing the Samad and Mothalath checkpoints in Daraa. They also managed to push back a military attack on Mleiha town in Damascus Suburbs (LCCs).

 

News

Russia says diplomats’ families out of Syria, denies large-scale evacuation as fighting rages

Russia Criticizes Syria Rebel ‘Obsession’ With Assad Exit

Syria’s food shortages worsening, U.N. says

Syrian civil war devastates farming: U.N.

NATO to activate Turkey’s missile system near Syria border

Syria rebels accused of looting churches Rights group says fighters have burned and looted Christian and Shia places of worship, increasing sectarian fears.

Walkie-talkies as lifeline in wartime Syria Hand-held transceivers help residents to communicate and also keep track of impending attacks in absence of other means.

Video report on casualties in the ranks of pro-Assad militias

 

Special Reports

Syrians Struggle With Shortages as Economy Buckles
Syria’s economy is buckling under the twin strains of violence and sanctions that have sapped the government’s finances, devastated the nation’s cities and left its industry and infrastructure in ruins… With the economy in tatters and work hard to come by as the war grinds on, many families don’t have the deep pockets for anything other than the cheapest option. One woman said she waited for four hours to get a pack of subsidized bread.

The Economist: The axis power
Almost two years into Syria’s uprising, now a full-blown civil war, misery and despair are growing across the land. Lakhdar Brahimi, the joint envoy of the UN and Arab League who is trying to mediate, is making no progress. A military solution looks far off too. Though rebel fighters continue to make advances in the north and east of the country, Mr Assad’s forces are consolidating along the north-south axis from the capital, Damascus, to the coastal heartland of his Alawite sect. “This is never going to end,” says a usually hopeful rebel commander from the eastern province of Raqqa.

Remember The War In Syria?
More and more groups are being dragged into a conflict that no-one is destined to win… The Christians and Druze minorities would have preferred to stay on the side lines, but the lines have been crossed and the war taken to them.

Robin Yassin-Kassab: Fund Syria’s Moderates
We can’t say that helping the Syrian rebels didn’t work, because it has never really been tried.

 

Video Highlights

Russian TV shows a reportage on the training of an all-female pro-Assad militias “We will only choose: God, Syria and Bashar.” http://youtu.be/f8q5ocsksuY

Regime tanks pound rebel strongholds and residential neighborhoods in Daraa City http://youtu.be/NZw3i6y_lzY ,http://youtu.be/6WHM5BK-ggA Still, local rebels managed to destroy this loyalist headquarters http://youtu.be/uBLCp_L0fH0

Meanwhile, pro-Assad militias pounded mercilessly the nearby town of Basr Al-Harir http://youtu.be/dQFSv99AnmgBut rebels remained dug in http://youtu.be/UXiDOoVvMEY

Elsewhere in the province, rebels manage to liberate huge sections of the town of Bosra Al-Sham http://youtu.be/kmE6pVgtc7g

The pounding of the towns of Eastern Ghoutah in Damascus Suburbs continues: Dhiabiyeh http://youtu.be/b5efuotQMiI Hamouriyeh http://youtu.be/fuVZ2BfRU-0

To the West, the pounding of the town of Daraya with MiGs continues http://youtu.be/rM76SwIF8Ow

To the north, the town of Yabroud was also pounded http://youtu.be/MyonpSp3VOg

MiGs continue their pounding of the restive neighborhoods in Homs City, including Jobar http://youtu.be/IhukvvlOB74, http://youtu.be/36T4DaoJgMI Elsewhere, activists carry out a series of interviews with the older generation still eking out a haphazard subsistence in the city despite all the violence taking place http://youtu.be/_YuMLfLa9m0

In Aleppo City, rebels and loyalists clash in Sheikh Saeed neighborhood http://youtu.be/nQHyZgtaSMY ,http://youtu.be/3X4xFgraTTI  A rocket falls on the inhabitant of Al-Sukkari Neighborhoodhttp://youtu.be/CgyZQT02x2k

Rebel Groups in CAR Re-recruiting Child Soldiers

By Ryan Aliman
Impunity Watch Reporter, Africa

BANGUI, Central African Republic – On Monday, a top United Nations (UN) official denounced the re-recruitment of child soldiers by rebel groups and pro-government militias in the Central African Republic (CAR).

Rebel groups in CAR such as Seleka have recruited children, ages 3 to 18, as soldiers according to UNICEF. (Photo courtesy of CISA News Africa)

UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict Leila Zerrougui expressed her dismay and concern after learning that armed groups such as ‘Séléka’, the Convention des patriotes pour la justice et la paix (CPJP) and the Union des forces démocratiques pour le rassemblement (UFDR), have been enlisting children among their ranks once again. According to reports, such enlistments are currently on the rise in spite of previous promises made by the said groups to end this practice.

Last November, both the UFDR and CPJP entered into agreements with the UN that they will exclude minors from membership and ultimately, keep children out of the conflict. The UFDR promised to release children in its ranks to the UN, whereas the CPJP signed an action plan to end the recruitment and use of children in line with Security Council resolution 1612.

The following month, however, the UN received reports that the CPJP refused to release two girls in an incident in Aigbando. Also, former child soldiers who were already in the care of UN’s children’s agency were getting numerous death threats from the same rebel groups.

“The reports of child recruitment are a flagrant violation of commitments made by the CPJP and UFDR and must stop now,” Ms. Zerrougui said. “The same actors have been violating child rights with impunity for too long. We will continue to monitor the situation and if no progress is made, we will engage the Security Council on this matter,” she added

Ms. Zerrougui also questioned the Government’s commitment to protect children from the ongoing conflict. She received additional reports claiming that the Government has “called on youth in Bangui to mobilize and arm themselves to counter the armed groups alongside militias.”

“These developments are unacceptable,” Ms. Zerrougui insisted. “Child recruitment is a grave violation. Children separated from armed forces and groups are victims, not perpetrators, and have to be treated as such. Going forward, I urge the Government to take its responsibility to protect children seriously, and to refrain from inciting violence.”

Based on a recent report by the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), almost 300,000 children have been involved with various armed groups in the country even before the major outbreak of rebellion last month. Most of them were street children and orphans which made them easy targets for kidnap and recruitment. Armed militias would abuse and force these children – both boys and girls – to fight and carry supplies.

 

For further information, please see:

United Press International – Children recruited for CAR fight – 22 January 2013

Spy Ghana – UN Astonished About Central African Republic child soldiers report – 22 January 2013

All Africa – Central African Republic: UN Official Disappointed By New Reports of Child Soldiers in Central African Republic – 21 January 2013

Al Jazeera – CAR child soldiers face death threats – 19 January 2013

All Africa – Central African Republic: Seleka Rebels and Army Using Child Soldiers – 11 January 2013

 

Syria Deeply: 23 January 2013

All information and videos contained in this post are original content posted with permission from Syria Deeply, an independent digital media project.  For further information, please visit their website.

Videos

http://youtu.be/q_ABlCHuiYg&w=500&h=400

 

The Forum
The Battle for Latakia Part II – by Karen Leigh

 

Recent Headlines
Syria’s Food Shortages Worsening – Washington Post
Syria Rebels Accused of Looting Churches – Aljazeera
Syria’s War: The Axis Power – The Economist

 

Community Op-Eds
Caravan Aid: Yes, You Can Do Something About Syria – by Yassamin Ansari