by Shelby Vcelka

Impunity Watch Desk Reporter, Europe

ATHENS, Greece–

Greek voters returned former Prime Minister Alexi Tsipras, leader of the left-wing Syriza party, to the head of the Greek government after a strong win by the party on Sunday morning. The leader of the conservative New Democratic Party conceded defeat, congratulating Tsipras on the win. Early exiting polls showed that while the Syriza party did not win outright, a coalition government with the Independent Greeks party would create a slim majority.

However, any elation felt over the win has been eclipsed by the harsh reality of the Greek economic crisis. Opinion polls before Sunday’s election showed that millions of Greek voters were unsure who to vote for, due to the country’s economic collapse. Although Tsipras won on an anti-austerity ticket during the elections in January, he was forced to accept economic reforms in exchange for a 96 billion euro bailout from international creditors. Despite 61% of Greek citizens voting no to bailouts in July, Tsipras agreed to the bailouts to keep Greece in the Eurozone. The austerity measures that came with the new terms were seen as harsher than previous measures, and included new taxes, privatizations, and spending cuts.

Whatever coalition forms the new government, it is sure to become a headache for Tsipras, as many of the Syrzia party are angry about the bailouts. “This is a fragile party, although one third of the members broke off there are still radical elements left who can create problems for Tsipras,” said Marco Vicenzino, a Greece expert at the Global Strategy Project, an international risk consultancy. More than two dozen of the Syrzia party has broken off in defiance of the austerity measures, claiming that Tsipras has abandoned his principles.

The new Greek government will have only a couple of weeks to pass the legislation necessary to confirm to international creditors that Greek is serious about continuing with the bailouts. This government will also have to deal with the growing influx of migrants. Greece has been used as a main route into the European Union, with tens of thousands arriving by sea. Although many of these migrants leave quickly, the flow is becoming increasingly overwhelming to the already unsteady Greek government.

For more information, please see–

Al- Jazeera–Left-wing Syriza party wins Greek snap polls— 20 September 2015

BBC–Greece election: Conservative New Democracy admits defeat— 20 September 2015

Reuters–Greek voters return Tsipras to power with strong win— 20 September 2015

The Telegraph-Alexis Tsipras emerges as clear winner in shock election result— 20 September 2015

by Shelby Vcelka

Impunity Watch Desk Reporter, Europe

BUDAPEST, Hungary–

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban warned last Friday that the police would take tougher action against migrants beginning next week. He alleges that the migrants entering the country rebelled against authorities by capturing railway stations, and refusing to be registered as refugees by the UN.

Hungary is being used as a transitory state, as migrants are traveling through to reach wealthier countries such as Germany and Sweden. In response, the legislature has passed emergency measures to help restrict the number of migrants coming through Hungary, effective September 15^th. Orban has said that from September 15^th on, migrants who cross the border illegally will be arrested, and that authorities cannot be forgiving of illegal border crossing. Hungarian prisoners and soldiers are also working on building a fence along the Hungarian-Serbian border to stem the flow of migrants into the country, and discourage illegal migration.

Over 170,000 migrants have crossed over into Hungary this year, with thousands more expected to make the journey. Most of these migrants attempt to avoid being registered in Hungary, afraid that they will be stranded or returned to Hungary once making the journey to a different country. The refugee camps that have popped up all over the country are woefully inadequate, with soldiers tossing food to crowds of migrants. Human Rights Watch, an international human rights watchdog group, have condemned the status of these camps, as they do not provide migrants with the basic requirements of food, water and shelter.

Overwhelmed with the number of migrants that have crossed the border, Hungary is also going to guard the southern border with the army. “Considering that we are facing a rebellion by illegal migrants, police have done their job in a remarkable way, without using force,” Orban said after meeting with Manfred Weber, the chairman of the conservative European People’s Party in the European Union.

Already, backlash against the new, restrictive laws is mounting against the Hungarian Parliament. A major concern for Hungarians is where the migrants will go once they have been arrested for illegal migration, and how much it will cost taxpayers to imprison them. Additionally, Hungarians fear that they will not be able to stem the flow of refugees into the country, even with the fence and new measures. The practical realities of the law, many Hungarians believe, will do nothing but make the situation worse.

For more information, please see–

BBC–Europe migrant crisis: Hungary ‘will arrest illegal migrants’— 11 September 2015

BBC–Migrant crisis: How will UK towns deal with refugees?— 11 September 2015

CBS–Hungary cracking down on migrants crossing border— 11 September 2015

PBS–Hungary enacts tougher laws on illegal immigrants— 11 September 2015

Reuters– Orban: Hungary will arrest ‘rebellious’ migrants— 11 September 2015

by Shelby Vcelka

Impunity Watch Desk Reporter, Europe

BERLIN, Germany–

Interior Minister, Thomas de Maiziere, announced that Germany would impose temporary border controls on its border with Austria to deal with the massive influx of migrants. While affirming that Germany had the capacity to welcome a significant number of refugees, de Maiziere called on other European Union nations to do more, and reiterated that migrants cannot choose their host country.

Up until now, Germany has had an open policy regarding migration. However, the massive numbers of refugees, who have mainly been turned away from other countries, coming into Germany, has caused an overflow. “The aim of these measures is to limit the current inflows to Germany and to return to orderly procedures when people enter the country,” de Maiziere said at a news conference. Although this goes against the idea of the Schengen zone, which allows for free movement between several different European nations, the agreement permits individual countries to suspend the free movement on a temporary basis.

Germany has also announced that these measures are only temporary, and will only turn away migrants not fleeing war or persecution in their home country. Additional measures include shutting down borders to admit those with passports, and sending police and the army to patrol the borders. The emergency measures are a clear demonstration of how extensive the migrant crisis is, and how Germany has been stretched thin in the past couple of days.

In the meantime, trains between Germany and Austria have been suspended. They are set to resume Monday afternoon. This past Saturday alone, more than 13,000 migrants arrived in Munich, with a total of 800,000 migrants expected to arrive in total. Munich has borne the brunt of the arrivals, as it is the southernmost major city in Germany, closest to the border Austria.

The move to temporarily close the borders also serves as a threat to other European nations. de Maiziere mentioned in his statement that Germany would “first” close its borders with Austria, with the insinuation that borders with other countries would be soon to follow. The implication may be that other European Union countries will have to act to help ease the burden off of Germany.

For many migrants, the move means Germany is no longer pursuing a laissez-faire policy, and that the Dublin Rule of migration is still enforceable. With this, migrants will be forced to register with the first country they arrive in, and any others outside the strict migration quota will be turned away.

For more information, please see–

BBC–Migrant crisis: Germany to start temporary border controls— 13 September 2015

The Telegraph–Border controls return to Europe as continent struggles with refugee crisis— 13 September 2015

Time–Germany Imposes Emergency Border Controls as Migrants Continue to Arrive— 13 September 2015

USA Today–Germany imposes emergency border controls— 13 September 2015

Wall Street Journal–Germany Imposes Border Checks Amid Migrant Wave— 13 September 2015

by Shelby Vcelka

Impunity Watch Desk Reporter, Europe

BERLIN, Germany–

After ten long days of travel, the first wave of migrants traveling from Austria and Hungary reached Germany, with a second wave to follow shortly. Some 6,000 refugees had reached Munich by Saturday night, with another 1,800 expected to arrive by Sunday morning. Germans waived welcome signs and flags, and offered hot tea and food to those traveling, which was a change from the welcome they received in Hungary.

Earlier this week, violence and chaos broke out in Budapest, Hungary, as the Hungarian government refused to let the refugees pass through the country. However, many migrants refused to allow themselves to be registered as asylum seekers in Hungary, and wished to travel onwards to Germany, as the German government announced it would accept a significant number of refugees. Hundreds broke through security barriers and began walking towards the Hungarian border towards Austria, many of those with small children. Under international pressure, Hungary finally opened its borders and started providing shuttle service to the Austrian border. As many as 10,000 people are expected to cross the border over the weekend.

Hungary’s ultra-right wing government is in the process of erecting a barbed wire fence along its Serbian border to prevent illegal migration into the country. On Friday, lawmakers passed legislation to increase border security, and will vote on harsher legislation later in the month. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said Hungary’s borders must be kept, or “tens of millions” will enter the country. “The supply of immigrants is inexhaustible,” Orban said Saturday. “If we let everyone in, we will destroy Europe.”

Austria has stated that they will not limit the number of refugees crossing the border, but will likely attempt to limit the number of asylum seekers who wish to stay in the country.

Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, has announced that Germany has the capacity to deal with a large influx of refugees without raising taxes or jeopardizing its budget. Many refugees are seeking asylum in Germany for this reason.

In typical cases, the “Dublin Rules” would apply to asylum seekers. This EU rule states that asylum seekers must apply for asylum in the first country they reach. However, due to the nature of the crisis, Germany and Hungary have both agreed that the decision to open the borders was made for humanitarian reasons.

For more information, please see–

BBC–Migrants reach Austria and Germany after long ordeal— 5 September 2015

CNN–Thousands of jubilant migrants arrive in Austria from Hungary— 5 September 2015

Expatica–More migrants on march as refugees stream into Austria— 5 September 2015

New York Times– Germans Welcome Migrants After Long Journey Through Hungary and Austria— 5 September 2015

PBS–Photos: Thousands of migrants reach Austria as European officials call for comprehensive plan— 5 September 2015

by Shelby Vcelka

Impunity Watch Desk Reporter, Europe

KIEV, Ukraine–

Protests and violence broke out on August 31^st, as the Ukrainian Parliament approved a measure to give more autonomy to local governments in Eastern Ukraine. Although the measures approved constitutional changes to curb violence and add stability in the war torn regions of Ukraine, protesters saw the legislation as “anti-Ukraine” and “pro-Russian,” and believed it would give Russia concessions in exchange for peace.

A yet-unnamed man, who was later identified to be a member of a far-right nationalist party, threw grenades at police lines, immediately killing one member of the National Guard. Two other officers later died while hospitalized for their injuries. 130 other officers were injured in the attack, along with 10 protestors who were standing nearby. 11 of those injured are in critical condition.

Monday’s vote was the first step in changing the status of the Eastern regions from a troubled region to one of stability. Russian President Vladimir Putin insisted upon these changes during peace talks in Minsk, Belarus last winter. Many Ukrainian nationalists oppose the measures because the Russian government, which is seen as the impetus behind the civil war that has claimed the lives of at least 6,500 lives, stipulated them.

The terms, in order to go into effect, involves a constitutional amendment, which requires a supermajority of 300 out of a possible 450 votes. The first reading of the measure passed with 265 votes, which will allow additional changes to be made to the legislation before a final vote is cast.

Ukrainian President Petro O. Poroshenko had previously approved the constitutional change, as was required in the Minsk agreement made last winter. This concession, however, came at a steep price, as Russian-backed rebel soldiers surrounded thousands of Ukrainian soldiers in the East. Opinion polls show that most Ukrainians disagree with this decision, but have no desire to continue on with the war. The three coalition parties that typically side with Mr. Poroshenko oppose the constitutional changes, and it is unclear whether he will ultimately win the approval he needs to implement the legislation.

For more information, please see–

BBC– Ukraine crisis: Deadly anti-autonomy protest outside parliament— 31 August 2015

International Business Times– Ukraine crisis: National guard killed with 90 injured in deadly protests outside parliament— 31 August 2015

Newsweek–Photos: Violence and Protests at Ukraine’s Parliament in Kiev— 31 August 2015

New York Times– 2 More Officers Die in Violent Protest Over Autonomy for East Ukraine— 31 August 2015

Reuters–Ukraine guardsman killed in nationalist protest outside parliament-– 31 August 2015