South America

Chávez Decline Forecasts Instability for Venezuela, Military Forces Consolidating Power

by Emilee Gaebler
Impunity Watch Reporter, South America

CARACAS, Venezuela – As President Hugo Chávez continues his six month fight with an unspecified cancer, talks about the future of Venezuela circulate.  A new article, by former Former Secretary of State for the Western Hemisphere Affairs, Roger Noriega, addresses the tenuous situation.   The startling article, published just days ago on April 11, describes a complex power scheme that is currently playing itself out.

President Chávez inspects troops with Defense Minister, General Henry Rangel Silva, in January of this year during Silva's swearing in ceremony. (Photo Courtesy of San Antonio Express News)

Noriega believes that the increasing visibility and operational roles of high-ranking military officials are indicators that the military is preparing to take control of the country.  In one portion of his article Noriega even notes his belief that the military plans to instate martial law throughout the nation if necessary to gain control in an unstable situation.

“In my estimation, the approaching death of the Venezuelan caudillo could put the country on the path toward a political and social meltdown. The military cadre installed by Chávez in January already is behaving like a de facto regime determined to hold onto power at all costs…his lieutenants and foreign allies are behaving as if he were already dead — consolidating power, fashioning a “revolutionary junta,” and plotting repressive measures,” writes Noriega.

Other analysts express concerns with the recent promotional decisions by Chávez.  In January, he named Diosdado Cabello as the leader of the ruling party and of the National Assembly.  As reported by MercoPress, this was done to pacify a group of powerful military officers including; Defense Minister – General Henry Rangel Silva, Chief of Intelligence – Cliver Alcalá, and Chief of Military Intelligence – General Hugo Carvajal.  All three men have been linked by US drug offices as having associations to the drug trade.

Noriega makes clear his belief that these military cadres will, “never surrender power and the impunity that goes with it,” and abide by the results of an election because it will never provide legitimacy for a “Venezuelan narco-state.”  Noreiga forecasts an unstable Venezuela, with the fall of the Chávez administration, where men like Cabello, Silva, Alcalá, and Carvajal will not hesitate to use the billions of dollars in illegal drug money they have acquired and the force of the tens of thousands soldiers under their command to keep hold of power.  Troubling statements by General Silva earlier this month hint at this.

“We are going to recognize whoever wins the October 7 elections. We’re not just going to recognize whoever says they won,” was Silva’s obscure comment.  He has previously expressed a very strong stance that the Venezuelan military would never accept an opposition party taking control of the country.

The next presidential elections are scheduled to occur in just over six months, on October 7 of 2012.  Chávez pledged earlier this year to be a candidate for them, but at a mass in his hometown last week, his statements indicated the gravity of his desperate struggle against cancer.

“Christ … give me life, because I still have things to do for the people and this country. Do not take me yet,” he said.  Chávez made this statement just after returning from his third trip to Cuba to receive cancer treatments.

 

For more information, please see;

MercoPress – Revolutionary Junta to Consolidate Chavism, Forecasts US Expert in LatAm Affairs – 14 April 2012

In Sight – Is the Venezuelan Military Eyeing a Power Grab? – 13 April 2012

Washington Post – Hugo Chávez Rallies Thousands of Supporter Marking Return After 2002 Coup in Venezuela – 13 April 2012

CNN – Chávez Returns to Venezuela After Latest Round of Treatment – 12 April 2012

Foreign Policy – After Chávez, the Narcostate – 11 April 2012

Ecuador Citizens March for Water, Life, and Dignity

by Emilee Gaebler
Impunity Watch Reporter

QUITO, Ecuador – President Rafael Correa recently signed a new mega-mining deal for the Mirador copper project with Chinese company Ecuacorrientes (ECSA).  Public outcry over this has been immediate with many citing the lack of environmental safeguards in the deal.

Some of the marchers clash with police as they enter Quito on March 22. (Photo Courtesy of McGill Daily)

Correa signed the deal and bypassed a number of national mandates regarding environmental protections.  The Mirador project is located in the Amazon province of Zamora Chinchipe, along the Peruvian border.  Correa failed to comply with Article 6 of the Ecuadorian Mining Mandate that regulates an established procedure for mining concessions granted on protected lands.

During the signing of the contract on March 5, Correa indirectly admitted that he was aware of the potential environmental damages the project posed.

“All mines pollute. We need mining. Let’s have responsible mining,” said Correa at the signing; while failing to mention that he was moving the project forwards without having done an Environmental Impact Assessment or obtaining an Environmental License.

Indigenous communities as well as other social activist groups throughout Ecuador came together the day after the signing to implement the March for Water and Life.  On March 22, the fifteen day march through Ecuador ended in Quito, the capital city.  At that point the march had close to 25,000 supporters.

Images of the march show that what started as a protest to the large-scale mining agreement, by the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), grew to include a number of wider issues facing the country.

“I am here in the spirit of solidarity between indigenous peoples and nationalities. Each people, each sector, has their own reason for being here. We, the Sapara Nation, are here to resist oil extraction on our land,” was one protestors comment regarding the growth of the march.

A 19 point charter was submitted to the government by the protest.  It covers a number of issues; including law of water, free admission to universities, equitable distribution of land, restoration of public servants, freedom of expression, and an end to open-pit mining and oil concessions.

The arrival of the march in Quito on March 22 was tense with large numbers of riot police on the streets and helicopters flying overhead.  Some isolated altercations broke out between the protestors and police at the end of the day.

Reports by local media are that President Correa paid people and gave them food and transportation to fill all public park spaces in Quito so that as the march entered the city protestors would have no place to gather.

For more information, please see;

Amazon Watch – Ecuador’s Indigenous People Reach Quito After 600 km March for Water, Life, and Dignity – 23 March 2012

Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources – Ecuador March for Water and Life Video Report – 23 March 2012

The McGill Daily – Thousands Protest in Ecuador’s Capital for Water, Life, and Dignity of the People – 22 March 2012

FIDH – FIDH Calls for the Suspension of the First Large-Scale Open-Pit Mining Project in the Ecuadorian Amazon – 19 March 2012

Global Voices – Ecuador March for Water and Life Says No to Large Scale Mining – 17 March 2012

Latin America Press – Mega Mining Takes Off – 15 March 2012

Argentina Takes Steps Forward, 18 Years Later Ex-President Menem to Stand Trial for Cover-Up in AMIA Bombing

by Emilee Gaebler
Impunity Watch Reporter, South America

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina – A former Argentinian President will finally stand trial for the corruption scandals he was tied to during his terms in office.  Carlos Menem was directed to stand trial last week, by federal judge Ariel Lijo, for his involvement in the 1994 bombing of the Argentine Jewish Mutual Association (AMIA) building.

Carlos Menem to stand trial for tampering with evidence in worst terrorist attack ever to take place in Argentina. (Photo Courtesy of J Space)

The 1994 bombing completely wiped out the seven-story building.  There were 85 deaths, and more than 300 people injured, when a truck loaded with explosives drove straight into the structure.  Argentina, has the largest community of Jewish citizens in the Americas, outside the United States.

At the time, Argentinian prosecutors said the attack was planned and paid for by Iran who hired the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah to carry it out.  Iran has adamantly denied any involvement.  Following the bombing relations between Iran and Argentina were completely frozen.  Argentina sought for years to extradite eight Iranian officials who allegedly masterminded the bombing.  No conviction, or even trial has ever been held regarding the attack.

In 2009 Menem was first accused of concealing and tampering with evidence that indicated the attack at AMIA had a Syrian connection.  Menem is the child of two Syrian immigrants.  A close family friend who died in 2010, Alberto Kanoore Edul, a Syrian-Argentine businessman, is alleged to have been involved.  It is believed that Menem ordered his staff to destroy evidence that linked Edul to the attack.

Judge Lijo has also issued that former judge Jose Galeano, who was in charge of the investigation, stand trial.  Menem is accused of pressuring Galeano to abandon further inquiries into Edul’s involvement.  Other officials also called to stand trial were: the former head of state intelligence, Hugo Anzorreguy; his deputy Juan Carlos Anchezar; former police chief Jorge Palacios; and a former federal police agent.

The Israel UN envoy in the US praised this “re-energizing” action and gave Argentina credit for rechecking the facts and trying to clear up and close the case.  In the past 18 years almost nothing has been done to investigate the attack.

Menem served two-terms as President of Argentina.  He was a member of the Peronist party and in the beginning he was very popular with the public.  However, his popularity decreased as his personal scandals and tough free-market policies alienated him from the public.  Corruption scandals emerged towards the end of his second-term, including charges of smuggling arms to Ecuador and Croatia in the 1990s.  He was recently cleared of these charges.

 

For more information, please see;

Buenos Aires Herald – AMIA Inquiry: Judge Announces Menem, Galeano to Stand Trial – 7 April 2012

J Space – Ex-Argentinian President to Stand Trial for AMIA Attack – 2 April 2012

Merco Press – Former President to Stand Trial in Relation to Argentina’s Deadliest Terrorist Attack – 1 April 2012

European Jewish Press – AMIA Bombing: Argentina’s Carlos Menem to be Tried for Obstruction – 31 March 2012

BBC – Argentina’s Carlos Menem Faces Bombing Trial – 30 March 2012

Colombian Rebel Group Releases 10 After Over A Decade In Captivity

By Paula Buzzi
Impunity Watch Reporter, South America

VILLAVICENCIO, Colombia – 10 hostages, including six police officers and four soldiers, were freed this week after being held in captivity for over a decade in the Colombian jungle by the leftists Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).  Their release comes after numerous failed peace negotiations with the Colombian government and the FARC’s announcement on February 26 that it would halt ransom kidnappings.

Many of the hostages released today were accompanied by nurses, some carrying the Colombian flag, and others carrying wild animals they had tamed during their captivity in the jungle. (Photo Courtesy of Fox News).
Many of the hostages released April 2 were accompanied by nurses. Some carried the Colombian flag, and others carried wild animals they had tamed during their captivity in the jungle. (Photo Courtesy of Fox News).

The freed hostages were picked up in a secret jungle rendezvous point in Villavicencio by a loaned Brazilian air force helicopter, and were taken to Bogota to be reunited with their family and friends. Some of the hostages were unable to walk on their own and had to be accompanied by nurses.

Olivia Solarte, the mother of 41-year-old former hostage and police officer, “Trujillo,” was overjoyed when she found out her son had been freed after being held captive since 1999. “I shouted! I jumped up and down!,” she told reporters. Solarte was among many relatives waiting at the airport for the arrival of the freed hostages.

The FARC is Colombia’s oldest and most powerful guerilla, and has been at war with the Colombian government since it first took up arms in 1964. The FARC has become notorious for kidnapping government forces and civilians and holding them ransom in exchange for money and other demands. The Colombian government has had at least two serious peace negotiations with the FARC over the past three decades but both negotiations ended unsuccessfully.

Due to military setbacks, such as changes in top command officers, the FARC has become noticeably weaker in the past recent years. On February 26, FARC leaders announced that they would release hostages and stop the kidnappings — a move some people see as a genuine step towards peace. “I don’t know if that brings Colombia closer to peace, I don’t know if things will end well or not, but do I know [the hostages’ release] proves the Farc wants to negotiate,” says Ariel Avila, from Corporacion Nuevo Arcoiris.

Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos is weary about the FARC’s new commitment to peace, emphasizing that hundreds of civilians are still believed to be held captive by the FARC. “Make no mistake: this government has a policy, which consists in facing the violent groups with all its might,” he said.

The citizens’ watchdog group Fundacion Pais Libre says that at least 400 people have been kidnapped since 1996 that have yet to be freed. Fundacion Pais Libre maintains the list of people kidnapped and does not expunge a name from its records until the person is released or until their body has been found.

 

For further information, please see:

BBC News – Colombian Hostages’ Long Wait For Freedom – 04 April 2011

CNN  – Freed Colombian Hostages Carry Pets Tamed In The Jungle – 04 April 2012

Fox News – Colombia Rebel Group Frees Captives Held For 12 Years – 03 April 2012

The New York Times – Colombian Rebels Free 10, Raising Hopes of Peace Talks With Government – 02 April 2012

 

Decision by Brazil’s Superior Court of Justice Sparks Outrage

By Paula Buzzi
Impunity Watch Reporter, South America

BRASILIA, Brazil — Amnesty International and human rights activists around the world are showing outrage at a Superior Court of Justice’s decision this week, which ruled that sex with a 12-year-old does not necessarily constitute statutory rape. The head of Amnesty International’s Brazil branch, Atila Roque, is concerned that this ruling will serve as a green light to rapists and discourage victims of sexual abuse from reporting their abusers.

A model wearing clothes made by sex workers in a Brazilian red light district. (Photo Courtesy of The Global Post).

A Brazilian law, adopted in 2009, forbids sex with anyone under the age of 14. This week, however, Brazil’s Superior Court of Justice did not convict a man accused of having sex with three 12-year-olds because, among other things, the girls had previously worked as prostitutes and the incident occurred in 2002.  Amnesty International said in a statement that “It is of extreme concern that the protections provided by Brazil’s legislation in cases such as these have not been implemented.”

Brazil’s human rights minister, Maria do Rosario Nunes, believes the court’s ruling “would in practice spell impunity” and has pledged to try to get the case overturned. Tourism Minister, Gastao Vieira, agrees, and stated on Tuesday that “the exploitation of sex is a crime and those responsible for it must be punished.”

According to the court’s president, Ari Pargendler, the court is open to revisit the decision.

Underaged prostitution has drawn many tourists to Brazil over recent years. Brazil’s Tourism Ministry stated on Tuesday that over 2,000  websites have been found, many of them hosted in the United States, promoting Brazil as the “sex tourism” destination in 2011. The websites show pictures of women in sensual poses and encourages sexual encounters with minors.

Taking down and reporting these websites is going to be one of the many steps the Brazilian government will take to combat the sexual exploitation of underaged girls during the 2014 World Cup. Last year, members of the Brazilian government distributed posters and sponsored advertisements across the country containing warnings that the sexual exploitation of minors is considered a crime. The posters were also distributed to the United States, Germany, Italy, France, the Netherlands and Spain.

 

For further information, please see:

ABC News – Brazil: Critics Slam Court’s Underage Sex Verdict – 30 March 2011

The Global Post – Human Rights Group Outraged At Brazil’s Underage Sex Ruling – 30 March 2012

The Washington Post – Critics Slam Brazilian Appeals Court’s Lenient Verdict in Sex With Minors Case – 30 March 2012

Associated Press – Brazil Takes on Websites That Promote Sex Tourism – 27 March 2012