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Special Features
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect: Atrocity Alert: Iraq, Central African Republic, Philippines and Yemen
Atrocity Alert, No. 27
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Atrocity Alert is a weekly publication by the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect highlighting and updating situations where populations are at risk of, or are enduring, mass atrocity crimes.
Iraq
On 17 October the Iraqi government announced the launch of a long-anticipated offensive to liberate Mosul from the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Iraqi forces, supported by a United States-led anti-ISIL coalition and Kurdish Peshmerga, have been attacking ISIL targets with the aim of seizing back control of Iraq’s second-largest city. The UN has warned that the offensive may affect as many as 1.5 million civilians in Mosul, up to 1 million of whom may be displaced and may require emergency humanitarian assistance. During the first days of the offensive there have been reports of ISIL fighters using civilians as human shields. On 19 October the Popular Mobilization Force, a Shia paramilitary group, announced it would join the offensive. While retaking Fallujah from ISIL earlier this year, Shia militias reportedly targeted Sunni civilians fleeing the city for abduction and killing, possibly amounting to war crimes. It is essential that all parties participating in the battle for Mosul take effective measures to ensure the protection of civilians.
Central African Republic
Despite a period of relative stability following the establishment of a new government during April 2016, populations in Central African Republic remain at risk of mass atrocity crimes as various rebel groups continue to fight each other as well as attack civilians, humanitarian workers and UN peacekeepers. The risk is particularly acute in Kaga-Bandoro where attacks perpetrated by ex-Séléka on 12 October, and the ensuing defense by the UN Mission in CAR (MINUSCA), resulted in at least 30 people killed and several thousand civilians displaced. Since September humanitarian agencies have been forced to withdraw from Kaga-Bandoro and surrounding villages as a result of ex-Séléka looting and targeted attacks on humanitarian workers. While MINUSCA was able to eventually repel the Kaga-Bandoro attackers, it must do more to anticipate threats to vulnerable populations and forcibly disarm armed groups.
Philippines
Since taking office on 30 June 2016, Philippines’ President Rodrigo Duterte has implemented a violent campaign against millions of civilians suspected of either dealing or using illegal drugs. President Duterte has been accused of inciting vigilante groups to attack drug dealers and encouraging police to carry out extrajudicial killings. An estimated 3,800 civilians have been killed so far this year. President Duterte has responded to international condemnation of his policies with derision. The widespread extrajudicial execution of suspected drug users or traffickers may amount to potential crimes against humanity.
Yemen
UN Special Envoy to Yemen, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, announced on 17 October that all Yemeni parties have committed to a 72-hour cessation of hostilities as of 19 October at 23:59 Yemeni time. The Special Envoy will negotiate an extension of the cessation if the first 72-hour period is respected. Violence between Houthi rebels and various pro-government forces, as well as sustained Saudi-led coalition airstrikes, have resulted in more than 4,125 civilians killed since March 2015. More than 3 million Yemenis have been displaced by the conflict while an estimated 82 percent of the population require humanitarian assistance. It is essential that all parties to the conflict respect the proposed cessation of hostilities, and allow unhindered humanitarian access. All parties to the conflict must immediately cease indiscriminate attacks on civilians and return to credible peace talks.
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IntLawGrrls: Is There a Linkage Between Gender-Based Atrocity Crimes and Sexual Assault?
Is There a Linkage Between Gender-Based Atrocity Crimes and Sexual Assault?October 19, 2016By Jennifer Trahanin IntLawGrrlsOver the last two decades, there has been exponential growth in the capacity at the international level to prosecute atrocity crimes, particularly through international and hybrid tribunals, including, prosecutions of rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence. In light of these strides which advance the rule of law, particularly, international criminal law, and bring at least a measure of accountability for some of the worst atrocities of the last two decades, is it permissible for a public figure who aspires to leadership to brag about (and allegedly commit) sexual assault? Are atrocity crimes and sexual assault delinked concepts, or part and parcel of the same phenomenon?Unlike the prosecutions after World War II before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg and before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo, where sexual violence crimes were virtually ignored, today, international and hybrid criminal tribunals prosecute these crimes. Through groundbreaking jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the judges recognized that rape can be a form of genocide. And, through groundbreaking cases at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the judges recognized that rape can also be a war crime and a crime against humanity. That tribunal also brought important focus on the use of rape, for example, through prosecutions of perpetrators at a particularly notorious “rape camp,” in Foca. Other (often horrific) forms of sexual violence that do not constitute “rape” per se, were prosecuted as “other inhumane acts,” which is a crime against humanity. This work of the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals is today being carried forward by the International Criminal Court, where, for instance, the recent conviction of Jean-Pierre Bemba, included command responsibility convictions for rape, as both a war crime and crime against humanity, committed in the Central African Republic.Why has there been such pervasive use of gender-based violence, and why does it continue unabated today (in places, for instances, such as Syria, against the Yazidis)? (It was also part of the genocide in Darfur, and the 1988 genocide by Iraqi forces against the Kurds.) A few observations can be offered.First, through a long period of history, rape was seen as similar to plunder, something to which the victors were entitled, as spoils of war. While the laws of war now clearly forbid such behavior, it is not clear whether that linkage has been entirely severed.Second, atrocity crimes, including crimes of sexual violence, are made easier to commit through dehumanization of “the other.” Thus, in both Rwanda and Bosnia, the “other” ethnic group was portrayed as both the enemy (collectively) and as something less than human. Thus, for example, in Rwanda, the Hutu, in the planning of and during the genocide, termed the Tutsi as Inyenzi, or “cockroaches.” Had the enemy been seen as individual, it would have been harder to commit the crimes. Through dehumanization and the stoking of fear, nationalistic leaders in the former Yugoslavia, and leaders in Rwanda (aided by an incendiary media), convinced people to commit horrific crimes, including gender-based violence crimes.Third, there also appears a linkage between gender-based violence crimes and the unequal position of women in society pre-atrocity. If women had been seen as equally valued members of society, would situations have deteriorated so precipitously into the use of gender-based violence? Is there something about the mindset of men who treat women as unequal to begin with, and, historically, centuries of unequal treatment, that in times of armed conflict, can morph into the commission of mass gender-based atrocity crimes?Fourth, when mass atrocity crimes occur, particularly gender-based violence crimes, another precept that has eroded is the humanity of the perpetrator to see the victim as an individual. If human rights are respected in a society, and the rule of law works (complaints can be filed and courts are able to operate fairly), then one hopes never to reach these horrific depths of depravity.Why is all this relevant today? Because there is a linkage between the mind-set of one Presidential candidate’s bragging about sexual assault (and the accusers who say he committed it) and the mind-set that can devolve, particularly in war-time, into larger-scale sexual and gender-based violence.We are fortunate in the U.S. not to have suffered atrocity crimes on our soil, at least for a long time, and, generally, U.S. courts (both civilian and military) work well, and the rule of law is, by and large, respected. So, we do not witness in our country sexual violence crimes that rise to the level of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.Yet, at heart, bragging about sexual assault objectifies and depersonalizes the victims, and more broadly denies that women deserve a respected and equal place in society, where their rights are fully respected. Is it so different from the devaluation and dehumanization of women that occurs when sexually-based atrocity crimes occur? Yes—don’t get me wrong—there is a vast magnitude of difference between what happened in Bosnia and Rwanda, and sexual assault in the U.S. during peacetime, but the conduct belongs on the same spectrum.It is important to acknowledge this linkage, and condemn sexual assault, wherever and whenever it occurs, whether against men, women, or children, in peace-time or in war. It is equally unacceptable to brag about what constitutes a crime, and the problem is only compounded when the speaker fails to comprehend the magnitude of the issue. This isn’t just “locker-room banter,” and suggesting it is also devalues all the men who don’t use such “banter” in a “locker-room.”The U.S., in the new Administration, needs to continue to exercise moral leadership in the field of atrocity crimes prosecutions, as it did in spearheading the Nuremberg prosecutions and supporting the creation of the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals. It needs to have a leader at its helm who can credibly do so.
War Crimes Prosecution Watch: Volume 11, Issue 16 – October 17, 2016
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FREDERICK K. COX
INTERNATIONAL LAW CENTERFounder/Advisor
Michael P. ScharfWar Crimes Prosecution Watch Volume 11 – Issue 16
October 17, 2016![]()
Editor-in-Chief
Kevin J. VogelTechnical Editor-in-Chief
Jeradon Z. MuraManaging Editors
Dustin Narcisse
Victoria SarantWar Crimes Prosecution Watch is a bi-weekly e-newsletter that compiles official documents and articles from major news sources detailing and analyzing salient issues pertaining to the investigation and prosecution of war crimes throughout the world. To subscribe, please email warcrimeswatch@pilpg.org and type “subscribe” in the subject line.
Opinions expressed in the articles herein represent the views of their authors and are not necessarily those of the War Crimes Prosecution Watch staff, the Case Western Reserve University School of Law or Public International Law & Policy Group.
CENTRAL AFRICA
- International Justice Monitor: Bemba Lays Out Grounds for Appeal Against ICC Conviction
- UN News Centre: Central African Republic needs support to tackle ‘spoilers,’ other challenges – UN peacekeeping chief
- Reuters: Fresh fighting in central African republic kills at least 10
- Yahoo! News: Bashir Extends Ceasefire in 3 Sudan Conflict Regions
- UN News Centre: UN Mission ‘Extremely Concerned’ over Increased Incidents of Violence across South Sudan
- Yahoo! News: Russia: No South Sudan Arms Embargo Needed after UN chief’s Report
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Daily Mail: ICC to hold first public hearings into war crimes reparations
- International Justice Monitor: Bemba Lays Out Grounds for Appeal Against ICC Conviction
WEST AFRICA
- Reuters: Ivory Coast President Asks Parliament To ‘Turn Page’ With New Constitution
- Daily Mail: I.Coast Former First Lady Distributed Arms, Court Hears
- Daily Mail: Ivory Coast Lawmakers Approve New Constitution Draft
Lake Chad Region — Chad, Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon
- UNHCR: Freed From Boko Haram, Nigerians Still Need Help
- TVC News: U.N.’S Ban Says Niger Must Reinforce Refugee Camps After Attack
- Global Times: AU Strongly Condemns Attack On Refugee Camp In Niger
- Yahoo News: Merkel Pledges Support For Niger To Fight Human Traffickers, Militants
- Newsweek: Nigerian State Government ‘Acting Like Boko Haram,’ Says Shiite Spokesman
- International Business Times: Eight Killed In Suspected Boko Haram Attack In Borno State
- UN News Centre: Stalled Peace Process, Fresh Ceasefire Violations Risk Mali’s Stability – UN Peacekeeping Chief
- allAfrica: Africa: Merkel’s Migration Mission to Mali
- The Local: Suicide Bomber Dies In Attack On Swedish Troops In Mali
EAST AFRICA
- AllAfrica: The Monitor: Uganda: Online Violence Against Women Soar – Human Rights Commission Boss
- Anadolu Agency: Ugandan rebels face death for crimes against humanity
- AllAfrica: The Monitor: Uganda: Kabamba Attack – Witness Disowns Evidence
- All Africa: Kenya: Six Killed in Mandera Shabaab Attack, 27 Rescued
- Deutshche Welle: Kenya accused of breaking international law for forcibly repatriating Somali refugees
- All Africa: Kenya: Stateless Makonde in Four-Day March to State House to Meet Uhuru in Search of Citizenship
Rwanda (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda)
- Human Rights Watch: Rwanda: Opposition Activist Missing
- The Ferret: Experts say Scotland Must Engage Rwanda on Human Rights Abuses
- The Monitor: Rwanda: EU Tells Off Rwanda Over Ingabire Trial
- Anadolu Agency : Somalia: Bomb blast in Mogadishu kills 3, wounds 7
- Military Times: Attacks on U.S. troops in Somalia leads to airstrikes on al-Shabab
- All Africa: Somalia: Bomb Hits Jubbaland State Intelligence HQ in Kismayo
- Garowe Online: Somalia: AMISOM convoy targeted in landmine blast
- Dawn: Al Shabaab kills six Christians in Kenya
- Garowe Online: Somalia: Puntland government condemns provoked attacks in Galkayo
- News 24: At least 6 killed in clashes between rival Somali regions
- Daily Nation: Dodging bullets and bombs while covering the war
- All Africa: Somalia: Three Dead, Fifteen Injured in Qoryoley Bombardment
- Garowe Online: Somalia: Al Shabaab targets African Union base in Qoryoley town
NORTH AFRICA
EUROPE
MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- Reuters: Turkey has right to combat threats in Syria and Iraq: Erdogan
- U.S. Department of Defense: Coalition Strikes Hit ISIL Terrorists in Syria, Iraq
- The Daily Beast: Pentagon Paid for Fake ‘Al Qaeda’ Videos
- CNN: Iraq: Families flee ahead of battle for ISIS-held Hawija
- Iraqi News: Airstrike kills 8 ISIS militants, destroys Diwan al-Hisba headquarters in Mosul
- RT News: ISIS demolishes Assyrian church in culture-rich Nineveh, Iraq
- Al Jazeera: ‘Booby-trapped’ ISIL drone in deadly Iraq attack
- Euronews: Johnson slams Russian action in Syria as bombs rain down on Aleppo
- Reuters: At least 10 people killed in blast in northern Syria: Observatory
- Reuters: Rebels shell school in Syria’s Deraa killing five people: monitor, state media
- BBC News: Boris Johnson: Russia risks becoming pariah over Syria bombing
- ABC News: New Challenges in Syria as Militants Weaponized Drones
- Washington Post: Activists say death toll rises in bombings of Syria’s Aleppo
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
- The Cambodia Daily: Khmer Rouge Marriages Not Forced, Expert Says
- News Deeply: Forced Marriage and Rape: The Legacy of the Khmer Rouge on Trial
- Human Rights Watch: International investigation on Yemen key to Council’s credibility
- Reuters: Activists cry foul as U.N. decides against Yemen rights probe
- Relief Web: Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Stephen O’Brien: Statement on Yemen
- CNN: Yemen: The ‘forgotten war’ cloaked in the shadow of Syria
- BBC: Yemen conflict: US ‘could be implicated in war crimes’
- The Daily Star: STL witness details role as Rafik Hariri bodyguard
- The Daily Star: STL defense casts doubt on bodyguard’s statements
- The Daily Star: STL analyst back on the stand to defend maps
Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal
- Human Rights Watch: Bangladesh: Stop ‘Kneecapping’ Detainees
- Bdnews24.com: Bangladesh parliament decides to impound assets of war criminals, killers of founding father
- Bdnews24.com: Bangladesh war crimes suspect dies at Dhaka hospital
- Hindustan Times: Pak protest on Bangladesh war crimes trial prompted Saarc pull out: Hasina
- Asia Times: Dhaka to back India if war breaks out
War Crimes Investigations in Burma
- The New York Times: Dozens Believed Killed as Violence Erupts in Myanmar
- Time: Thousands of People Have Been ‘Displaced By Fighting’ in Eastern Burma
- The Telegraph: Many dead as hundreds of men wielding pistols and swords assail troops in Burma’s restive Rakhine
- Aljazeera: Myanmar: Fears of violence after deadly border attack
- Amnesty International: Israel/OPT: Pattern of unlawful killings reveals shocking disregard for human life
- U.S. Department of State: Approval of New West Bank Settlement
- The Times of Israel: International Criminal Court team visits Israel, West Bank
- Addameer: PHROC Strongly Condemns the Attack Against Palestinian Civilians by PA Security Forces.
- International Middle East Media Center News: Israeli Piracy against Al-Zaitounah Boat to Gaza; PCHR Denounces the Attack and International Silence
- The New York Times: ICC Probe to Target Both Israelis and Palestinians
AMERICAS
TOPICS
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- Nepali Times: Toothless Commission
- myRepublic.com: SC stays TRC guideline for placing cases on hold
- Dawn: Senators call for backchannel talks with India
- CBC News: Treaty 7 flag could be flown at Calgary City Hall
- Reuters: Bulgaria detains French terrorism suspect
- The Wall Street Journal: Two Brussels Police Officers Stabbed in ‘Terrorist’ Attack
- ABC News: UN Chief Says Death Penalty for Terrorism Often Unfair
- The Intercept: U.S. Military Operations Are Biggest Motivation for Homegrown Terrorists, FBI Study Finds
- Military Times: France creates National Guard to battle terrorism
- The Guardian: Paris attacks: Salah Abdeslam’s lawyers ‘give up his defence’
- CNN: Syrian Refugee in Germany ‘Attack Plan’ Kills Himself in Custody
- AllAfrica.com: Somalia: Japan Navy Steps Up War on Somalia Piracy With Base in Djibouti
- DW News: West Africa’s tough battle with piracy
- IOL News: Togo official slates inaccurate piracy statistics
- Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide: Maritime agency calls for tough actions to end piracy off Somalia
- Hong Kong Free Press: Over 30 per cent of college students in China have experienced sexual violence or harassment – survey
- AllAfrica: Nigeria: Frequency of Domestic Violence in Nigeria Alarming, Medical Women, Others Lament
- Global Times: South Sudan strives to end sexual, gender-based violence
- CNN: Pakistan passes legislation against ‘honor killings’
- Huffington Post: Gender-Based Violence: Not Just About Gender
- Jewish Telegraphic Agency: On 70th anniversary of Nuremberg trials, US attorney general lauds recognition of rape as war crime
- Miami Herald: The biggest losers in Colombia’s referendum: FARC rebels
- The Washington Post: Putin and Assad could face justice for war crimes in Syria
- Just Security: Why French President’s Threat of War Crimes Prosecutions against Russia, Syria Rings Hollow-But Needn’t
- The New York Times: America’s Moral Duty in Yemen
WORTH READING
- Ryan Mitchell: An International Commission of Inquiry for the South China Sea?: Defining the Law of Sovereignty to Determine the Chance for Peace
- Giovanna Gismondi: Denial of Justice: The Latest Indigenous Land Disputes Before the European Court of Human Rights and the Need for an Expansive Interpretation of Protocol 1
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect: Atrocity Alert: Burma/Myanmar, Syria and Yemen

Atrocity Alert is a weekly publication by the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect highlighting and updating situations where populations are at risk of, or are enduring, mass atrocity crimes.
Burma/Myanmar
Following a series of attacks on border posts on 9 October in Burma/Myanmar’s Arakhan/Rakhine state, it was reported that nine police officers and eight attackers were killed. The identity or affiliation of the attackers has not been established. The government subsequently declared a state of emergency in Maungdaw and in three other townships in Arakhan/Rakhine state and deployed security forces to the area. Reports of mass arrests and extrajudicial killings of Rohingya have surfaced since a joint army-police counter-operation began on 10 October. The current situation risks exacerbating existing inter-communal tensions in Arakhine/Rakhine state between Buddhists and members of the Rohingya group, a distinct Muslim ethnic minority, which has been systematically persecuted by the government.
Syria
On 8 October the UN Security Council (UNSC) failed to adopt two separate draft resolutions on the conflict in Syria, highlighting the entrenched political divisions between Council members. A draft resolution put forward by the French and Spanish, which would have had the UNSC demand an immediate halt to airstrikes and military flights over the city of Aleppo and urged the immediate implementation of a cessation of hostilities, was vetoed by Russia, with Venezuela also voting against the proposal. The UNSC subsequently voted on a Russian draft text, which would have urged an immediate cessation of hostilities and demanded that all parties prevent material and financial support from reaching terrorist groups. The resolution only received 4 votes in favor, and thus did not have enough support to be adopted. With over 280,000 people already dead, Saturday’s veto condemns countless more Syrians to unnecessary suffering.
A growing number of UN member states and civil society organizations believe that the UNSC demonstrated on Saturday that it is unable to uphold its UN Charter mandate to maintain international peace and security with regard to Syria, and that, therefore, the UN General Assembly should be allowed to take up the issue, utilizing the “Uniting for Peace” mechanism.
Yemen
On 8 October forces from the Saudi-led military coalition reportedly bombed a reception hall in Sana’a during the funeral of a Yemeni government minister’s father. The airstrike resulted in more than 140 people killed, one of the largest death tolls resulting from a single attack since the conflict in Yemen escalated in March 2015. The UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen and the Head of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs both immediately condemned the attack, calling for increased measures to ensure the protection of civilians, respect for international humanitarian law, and accountability for the airstrike. The United States and United Kingdom both released statements indicating they would review their support for the Saudi-led coalition. On 10 October the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a statement, later supported by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, that reiterated his call for an independent, international inquiry into violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law since the start of the conflict.
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