By Ahmad Shihadah

Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

SA’NA, Yemen – As intense fighting continues in northern Yemen, local government officials have accused al-Huthi rebels of using civilians as human shields.

The government urged people living in the area to flee to refugee camps set up throughout the area. The Yemeni government has set up four refugee camps.  However, SABA, Yemen’s official news agency, reported that the pathways to these safe havens have been dangerous due to escalations in the conflict.  The Supreme Security Council (SSC), which supervises the 63-day war, responded to repeated calls for safe corridors by attempting securing passage to the respective camps.

In past reports, Human Rights Watch (HRW) has said that both the rebels and government forces have endangered civilians during the fighting. In a July report, HRW said researchers found “allegations of serious law of war violations by both sides, including the use of children under 18 in combat, use of anti-personnel land mines in civilian areas, and taking civilians hostage.”

The current accusations by the Yemeni government echo the claims made by the president Ali Abdullah Saleh that rebels have been using civilians as human shields and killing civilians.   Rebel leader Abdul-Malik al-Huthi responded by dismissing demands that the rebels leaving their mountain hideouts as this would amount to them leaving their lands. Furthermore, the rebels say they want autonomy and accuse Saleh of despotism and corruption in a drive to in power.  They also accuse him of introducing Sunni fundamentalism via his relationship with Riyadh in Saudi Arabia.

Military developments as of October 11 have been relatively quiet.  However, there have been air strikes on the rebels’ fortifications and supply movements, according to sources from the ground. The Ministry of Defense also reported that about 20 rebels were killed in different places in the two main frontlines of Harf Sufyan and al-Malahaid.

For more information please see:

CNN – Yemen Government: Rebels Use Civilians As Human Shields – 13 October 2009

Yemen Observer – Yemen Accuses Al-Houthi Rebels of Using Civilians as Human Shields – 13 October  2009

Reuters – Yemen President Says Rebels Use “Human Shields” – 20 September 2009

By Meredith Lee-Clark

Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

 

EAST JERUSALEM, Israel/West Bank – On October 11, Israeli police lifted restrictions on Palestinians visiting the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, two weeks after violence exploded around the site. The Al-Aqsa Mosque, also known as the Temple Mount, is on land considered holy by both Jews and Muslims.

 

Since September 27, the Israeli police had closed the site to Muslim males under the age of fifty. On that day, Palestinians threw rocks at a group of visitors the Palestinians suspected of being right-wing extremists. The Israeli police responded with shun grenades. Many Palestinians expressed concern that the tourists would try to pray at the Al-Aqsa Mosque as a political statement during the Jewish Yom Kippur holiday. In the past, political tensions have sparked violence during the Jewish holy days. Most notoriously, the Second Palestinian Intifada, or Uprising, began after Ariel Sharon, who later went on to become Israeli Prime Minister, visited the Al-Aqsa Mosque during the holidays.

 

Prior to lifting the restrictions, Palestinians who did not meet the age requirement and did not have an Israeli ID card were barred from religious services at the mosque. Israeli soldiers were stationed at the gates to the mosque courtyard, checking the IDs of all who arrived. Demonstrations against the police action sprouted up throughout the West Bank and Gaza. On October 9, hostilities had heightened, with Israeli helicopters circling the site and several Palestinian news sources reported that Israeli police posing as journalists were sent into demonstrations to seize those participating.

 

While the police have lifted the restrictions, there may be further repercussions in the region. Jordan has threatened to expel Israel’s ambassador from Amman, citing the provision in the Jordanian-Israeli 1994 peace treaty in which Israel recognized Jordan’s right to look after all Muslim and Christian holy sites in East Jerusalem. The United Nations considers East Jerusalem an occupied territory.

 

There were also unconfirmed rumors running through the city that Israel was planning to dig under the area, with the aim of building a synagogue on the site. At his cabinet meeting on October 12, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu urged the Arab world to ignore the “lies.” Prime Minister Netanyahu also directly addressed Israeli Arabs:

 

“You are citizens with equal rights; we want to live together in coexistence and bring our children prosperity.”

 

For more information, please see:

 

Ha’aretz – Netanyahu to Arab World: Ignore “Lies” About Temple Mount – 12 October 2009

 

Ma’an News Agency – Christians Gather in Support of Muslims Trapped in Al-Aqsa – 12 October 2009

 

Press TV – Al-Aqsa Flares Up Tensions Between Israel, Jordan – 12 October 2009

 

Al Jazeera – Israel Lifts Al-Aqsa Restrictions – 11 October 2009

 

Palestinian News Network – Worshippers Banned from Reaching Al-Aqsa, Prayers Held Outside, Soldiers Pose as Journalists – 10 October 2009

 

By Ahmad Shihadah

Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

SA’NA, Yemen – Much needed aid for refugees northern Yemen has been slow to come due to security concerns and delays at the Saudi border. Intense fighting has continued in Northern Yemen between government forces and Shi’ite al-Huthi rebels. The on-going conflict has killed hundreds, including civilians and displaced tens of thousands more. A large humanitarian crisis looms as aid groups struggle in enter the worn torn region.

The U.N. has called for a truce between the warring parties so that humanitarian groups can have easier access to the area. The U.N. refugee agency announced on October 9 that it would, for the first time, send aid to northern Yemen from Saudi Arabia to help people stranded near the border after fleeing the fighting. But the convoy was held up at nightfall at the small crossing point of the Alb frontier. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) spokesman Andrew Knight confirmed that the blocked aid convoy  entered Yemen late on October 10. The three-truck convoy carried two-hundred tents, blankets and mattresses to the about three-hundred stranded refugees. Knight continued by voicing concerns about the amount of financial aid being received, stating that the UNHCR is “$2.6-million short” of the $5 million it needs to organize management of five refugee camps, including tents and other assistance.

Other aid groups such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Sa’na say that Yemeni Red Crescent has succeeded in delivering some aid to more than 10,000 refugees in the past few days. The ICRC has counted at least 30,000 internally displaced people; some figures such as the U.N. put the number at nearly 150,000.

The United States and Saudi Arabia fear the fighting in northern Yemen could create instability in the impoverished nation making it easier for extremists to orchestrate an attack on Saudi Arabia.

For more information, please see:

The Washington Post – U.N. Aid Convoy Halted at Saudi Border – 11 October 2009

Reuters – U.N. Urges Truce in Yemen Fighting to Deliver Aid – 11 October 2009

VOA News – Humanitarian Agencies Working to Deliver Aid to Yemen Refugees – 11 October 2009

By Brandon Kaufman
Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

DAMASCUS, Syria–  With a severe and persistent drought in northeast Syria entering its third year, the United Nations (UN) is gearing up to deliver some much needed assistance. However, the international community has not come up with the necessary funds, due in large part to Syria’s tense diplomatic relations with other countries.

In the three years since the drought has begun, more than 300,000 Syrians have been forced to leave their homes.  In addition to the drought, the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees in Syria has caused a considerable strain on the Syrian infrastructure.

As a result, many of these families have left behind the close knit communities to which they once belonged.  Crime rates are on the rise and the level of poverty has grown exponentially.  Many of these families have settled in and around Damascus, where they can be seen seeking shelter in makeshift tents, consequently creating new pockets of urban poverty.  Furthermore, the dropout rate of displaced children has skyrocketed in the past year.  Moreover, for those families that remain in the drought stricken area, drinking water is drying up, and unclean water sources heighten the risk for disease, especially as many people’s sustenance is bread and sugared tea.

Despite efforts to aid those affected by the drought, Syria is having significant difficulties.  Syria’s relationship with some western and Arab countries is still burdened by lack of agreement on a number of regional issues.  As a result, relief funds have been largely non-existent.  Last year, when the UN issued an emergency appeal for aid money, they were only able to raise nineteen percent of the funds they sought.  Despite the lack of contribution, the UN is moving full steam ahead.  They are seeking $53 million (US dollars) in emergency funds, but have yet to receive any money.

Many hope these measures taken by the UN can stall future migration.  They further hope that a long term plan can be implemented to encourage displaced persons to return to their lands.  However, such a plan may not be feasible until Syrian relations improve with other countries and aid money is donated.

For more information, please see:

Financial Times- UN Warns of Slow Response to ‘Disaster’ Caused by Syria’s Drought– 9 October 2009

Assyrian International News Agency- UN Warns Over Syria Drought ‘Disaster’– 8 October 2009

BBC News- Villages Struggle in Syria Drought– 7 October 2009

By Bobby Rajabi
Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

BAGHDAD, Iraq – On October 7, Iraqi officials released thirty-six Iranian dissidents after they spent four months in jail. The thirty-six dissidents are members of an exiled opposition group called the People’s Mujahedeen of Iran (PMOI). They were originally arrested in July during a raid on Camp Ashraf in which between seven and eleven members of the PMOI were killed. The newly released prisoners claim that they were tortured while they were the Iraqi prison.  They further claim that they are now in ill health.

The PMOI is considered a terrorist organization by both the United States andIran. The organization made its name after the Iranian Revolution of 1979 where it opposed the new regime that took control of the country. PMOI’s opposition of the Islamic Republic was violent and lead to their exile from Iran. They were welcomed into Iraq by former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein where they set up their operation at Camp Ashraf. The group surrendered to U.S. forces after the invasion of Iraq in 2003.

The siege of Camp Ashraf came after the U.S. gave up control of the camp to the Iraqi military.  After the dissidents were taken, friends and relatives of the prisoners protested constantly outside of the U.S. embassy in London. They claimed that the U.S. needed to take responsibility for the plight of detained PMOI members.

The leaders of the PMOI called for a hunger strike in support of the members being held in an Iraqi prison. The dissidents were released from prison after a seventy-two day strike. The prisoners were returned by the Camp Ashraf which remains under the control of Iraqi officials. Upon arrival to the camp, the released prisoners were taken to the medical facility for treatment.

The political wing of the PMOI in Iran is the National Council Resistance of Iran. The political group claimed that a number of orders were made by Iraqi courts requiring that the thirty-six dissidents be released. They claim that Iraqi officials refused to honor these court orders. The officials reportedly justified their behavior by claiming that the PMOI members had entered Iraq illegally.

For more information, please see:

Al Arabiya – Iraq Frees 36 Iranians Captured In Deadly Raid – 7 October 2009

BBC – Iraq Release Iranian Dissidents – 7 October 2009

Times-Series – Hunger Strikers End Fast, Claiming ‘Huge Victory For Humanity’– 7 October 2009

UPI – Iraq Releases Iranian Dissidents – 7 October 2009