By Nykoel Dinardo
Senior Desk Officer, Middle East

WASHINGTON, D.C., United States – United States Department of State (State Dept.) released its annual Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report) for 2009 on June 16.  It is the ninth TIP Report created by the State Dept. in their efforts to reduce human trafficking.  U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated that the report “sheds light on the faces of modern-day slavery and on new facets of this global problem,” and that she hoped that the U.S. will be seen as a partner when working towards elimination of human trafficking.   However, the report has not been well received by several Middle Eastern countries that were placed in the ‘worst’ category in the report.

The report creates four categories to define a country’s progress towards compliance with the Trafficking Victim’s Protection Act (TVPA).  Tier 1 countries – those considered to be in complete compliance with the TVPA – are mostly Western, developed countries, including most European countries, as well as Australia and New Zealand.   Tier 2 countries – those who are not in compliance but are considered to be making significant progress towards compliance – are most of the remaining Western nations, and is the largest group of countries in the report.  Tier 2 Watch List Countries differ from Tier 2 countries in that the U.S. considers these countries to be losing ground in their progress, or the U.S. has found the number of persons trafficked in these countries to be numerous.  Finally, Tier 3 countries are those who are not in compliance with the TVPA and who appear to be making no progress towards compliance. 

Most Middle Eastern Countries were placed within the Tier 2 Watch List, although four Middle Eastern nations – Iran, Syria, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia – were placed in Tier 3.  Many countries have yet to make an official statement in response to the report. However, human rights groups throughout Bahrain, which was placed on the Tier 2 Watch List, have put out a “Trafficking Battle Call,” asking Bahrain to take steps towards compliance with the TVPA. 

Other countries have not had such a positive response.  Kuwaiti National Assembly Speaker Jassem Al-Khorafi made a statement on June 18 harshly criticizing the United States for placing Kuwait in Tier 3.  “I have repeatedly said that Kuwait is not a country of angels but what hurts me is that the United States thinks itself to be a country of angels,” al-Khorafi explained to reporters when asked to comment on the report.  He went on to say that he believed the report falsely depicted Kuwait, stating that the U.S. “is not the world’s police and not a guardian of the world and if it wants to be so it should make sure that the information it gathers is true.”  Countries that have been placed in the Tier 3 category could face economic sanctions, and be barred from any trade not related to humanitarian aid. 

For more information, please see:

Gulf Daily News – Trafficking Clamp Underway – 21 June 2009

Kuwait Times – Khorafi, MPs Blast US over Trafficking Report – 18 June 2009

Time – Human Trafficking Rises in Recession – 18 June 2009

Jerusalem Post – Four Countries ‘Blacklisted’ by US – 17 June 2009

AFP – Malaysia, Six African States Listed for Human Trafficking – 17 June 2009

U.S. Department of State – Trafficking In Persons Report 2009

By Meredith Lee-Clark
Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

EAST JERUSALEM, Israel/West Bank – An Israeli District Court has sentenced two Palestinian journalists to two months in jail and six months of probation for reporting on the Israeli ground invasion in January 2009.  The pair was accused of violating Israel’s censorship laws, though some supporters of the journalists allege they were jailed because they work for an Iranian television station.

Khodr Shahine, a correspondent for Iran’s Arabic language station Al-Alam, and Mohammed Sarhan, a producer for Al-Alam, were accused of reporting on the military invasion nearly two hours before the Israeli government cleared the operation for press coverage on January 3. 

Israel rarely enforces its censorship laws, even though all accredited journalists have to sign a censorship form that requires them to clear any sensitive security information with a military censor before releasing that information.  The laws were widely ignored during Israel’s 2006 campaign in Lebanon, though no journalists were prosecuted.  The fact that Shahine and Sarhan’s sentencing came down in the same week that Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was re-elected in Iran has fueled suspicions that the pair’s imprisonment was actually motivated by Israeli-Iranian political tensions.

Reporters Without Borders condemned Israel’s imprisonment of the Palestinian journalists as inextricably tied to Ahmadinejad’s reelection.

“Journalists should not be hostages to geopolitical developments,” read a statement from the press freedom organization.

Fares Sarafandy, the Al-Alam bureau chief in Ramallah, said Shahine and Sarhan were just doing their jobs.

“They reported what they saw, namely that tanks were beginning to move,” said Sarafandy.  “They didn’t say the invasion had started.  At heart, this issue is about Israel and Iran.”

For more information, please see:

The National – Israel Jails Two TV Journalists – 18 June 2009

Reporters Without Borders – Palestinian Journalists Working for Iranian TV Station Get Two Months in Jail from Israeli Court – 16 June 2009

World Bulletin – Israel Jails Palestinian Journalists for Gaza Invasion Report – 16 June 2009

Ha’aretz – Two East Jerusalem Journalists Jailed for Reporting for Iran – 15 June 2009

Ma’an News Agency – Palestinian Journalists Jailed for Violating Censorship During Gaza Invasion – 14 June 2009

By Meredith Lee-Clark
Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

TEHRAN, Iran – Human Rights Watch has called for the Iranian government to begin investigations into the deaths of as many as eight protesters, who were allegedly killed by police and pro-government militia.

Hundreds of thousands of supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi, a candidate in Iran’s presidential elections, gathered in Tehran on June 18.  The crowds continued their nearly week-long protests of the results of the June 12 presidential election, which Mousavi’s supporters contend was rigged and maintain that Mousavi was the real winner, rather than the incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.  Mousavi also asked his supporters to march to commemorate the deaths of those killed in the protests this week, encouraging the supporters to wear black in mourning.

The crowds gathered in Tehran’s Imam Khomeini Square despite an order against such rallies, issued by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s Supreme Leader.  The crowds marched silently until they reached the Square, when shouts of “God is Great” began, echoing calls heard by crowds during Iran’s 1979 revolution.

Authorities have arrested those perceived as dissidents, as well as shutting down access to many websites, including BBC Farsi, Facebook, and pro-Mousavi sites, in attempts to stifle the protests.  Foreign journalists have been banned from Tehran’s streets, and most are now reporting from Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

Though details remain hazy, Mousavi’s supporters report that those killed were students attacked in dormitories by pro-government militia.  As in recent days, during the protest on the 18th, police remained on the sidelines.  There have been reports, however, of police violence against protesters after dark.

Human Rights Watch called on the Iranian authorities to ensure that all security forces follow the UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials in policing the demonstrations.  Mousavi has continually asked his supporters to remain non-violent.  The Guardian Council has ordered a recount of approximately 600 ballot boxes, but future government action remains unclear.

For more information, please see:

Al Jazeera – Iran’s Mousavi Addresses Protesters – 18 June 2009

Human Rights Watch – Iran:  Investigate Protester Deaths – 18 June 2009

NPR – Opposition Protesters Fill Streets of Iran’s Capital – 18 June 2009

New York Times – Protesters Gather Again, as Iran Panel Offers Talks – 18 June 2009

Associated Press – Iranian Protester Killed After Opposition Rally – 15 June 2009

By Ann Flower Seyse
Impunity Watch Reporter, Middle East

LAAYOUNE, Western Sahara – Some citizens of Western Sahara excitedly shared the news of Moroccan Poll results with their friends and relatives in refugee camps in Algeria, while many remained skeptical. Western Sahara’s sovereignty has been under dispute since Spain left the area in 1975 and Morocco annexed it.

Neighboring Algeria backed the Polisario Front, the independence movement in Western Sahara, in their fight for independence. A ceasefire has been in effect since 1991, but thousands of people remain in refugee camps and the resolution process is at a standstill.   No progress towards self-determination for Western Sahara has been made.

Before the elections the leaders of the Polisario had written to the United Nations asking them to put a stop to the illegitimate elections that were held in Western Sahara on June 11. Polisario envoy to Algeria, Brahim Ghali, said on June 12 that the “silence of the UN [would show] implicit complicity unacceptable to international logic.”

The elections were held, and now many Western Saharans, who are known as Saharwis, are hopeful about the results. The recently formed Authenticity and Modernity Party, or “PAM” won the majority of seats in Morocco’s local elections. PAM was formed in June 2008 by Fouad Ali el-Himma, who is a close friend of the Moroccan Monarch King Mohammed VI.

King Mohammed wants to change Morocco’s policies of repression and injustice, and to come to a peaceful compromise between Morocco and the Polisario. He hopes that his moderate message will convince the Saharwis that they do not need to be independent, because Morocco’s policies have changed.

Human rights groups agree that rights have improved since King Mohammed succeeded his father. However, these groups still accuse Moroccan police of beating citizens that speak out for Western Sahara’s independence, and occasionally torturing people in their custody. Pro-Polisario groups boycotted the elections and are skeptical of the PAM message of peace and compromise.

PAM won 6,015 seats, 21.7 per cent of the national vote, giving it a majority over the governing Istiqlal (Independence) party by 2.6 per cent, with 52.4 per cent of the registered voters voting. The elections were held across Morocco and the Western Sahara, as Morocco considers Western Sahara as part of their territory.

For more information, please see:

Al Jazeera- New Party Wins Morocco Local Polls– 14 June 2009

Magharebia- New Political Party Sweeps Local Elections in Morocco– 14 June 2009

Easy Bourse- Polisario Accuses Morocco of Provocation Over W Sahara Poll– 12 June 2009

Reuters –Morocco party woos Western Saharan Hearts and Minds– 11 June 2009

By Nykoel Dinardo
Senior Desk Officer, Middle East

SANA’A, Yemen – Yemeni officials announced on June 14 that they had arrested the leading financier of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.  Yemeni Security forces arrested Saudi-national Hassan Hussein Bin Alwan in the Marib Province, which is located approximated 190 km north of the Yemeni capital Sana’a.  However, very few details about the arrest itself have been released.

According to a Yemeni Interior Ministry official, Bin Alwan is the biggest and most important financier of al Qaeda’s operations in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.  The Defense Ministry has described him as “one of the most dangerous al Qaeda terrorists.” 

Yemen has intensified its search efforts for al Qaeda members within its region since the terrorist organization announced in January 2009 that it would be merging al Qaeda groups in Saudi Arabia and Yemen to form ‘Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.’  However, political unrest in the region has made it easier for al Qaida to operate unnoticed within the country. 

Militant activity has increased in the past few months, and much of it has been the fault of groups other than al Qaeda.  For instance, on June 13, a group of nine travelling in Yemen was abducted by a Shi’ite militant group in Sadaa.  The group included seven Germans, a Briton, and a South Korean woman; all three of these countries have been communicating with Yemen in attempts to free these hostages and return them to their countries.  This kidnapping followed just one day after a gunman in Amran province abducted twenty-four medical workers.  The group was later released unharmed.  These acts of violence are signs of Yemen’s instability, a characteristic which attracts terrorists. 

Although Yemeni security officials state that their fight against terrorism in the region has had many recent successes, an article published in the New York Times on June 11 claims that al Qaeda members who have been hiding out in Pakistan are relocating to Yemen and Somalia where the social and political turmoil allows for easier operation.  Director of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Leon Panetta explained in the article that the CIA is focusing on locations like Yemen because they may act like safe havens for terrorists.  Yemeni security officials deny these claims, arguing that Yemen is not suitable to act as a safe haven.

For more information, please see:

AFP – Al-Qaida Financier Arrested in Yemen: Official – 14 June 2009

Associated Press – Yemen Arrests Suspected Al-Qaida Financier – 14 June 2009

News Yemen – Yemeni Security Arrests Lead Financer of al Qaeda – 14 June 2009

Reuters – Yemen Says Arrests Saudi Financer of al Qaeda – 14 June 2009

Thaindian News – Al Qaeda Financier Held in Yemen – 14 June 2009

UPI – Nine Kidnapped in Yemen – 14 June 2009

News Yemen – Yemen Denies al-Qaeda Infiltration from Pakistan – 13 June 2009

New York Times – Some in Qaeda Leave Pakistan for Somalia and Yemen – 11 June 2009