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Peru Investigates Forced Sterilizations

The Peruvian government is investigating the forced sterilizations programs of the 1990s. The program was carried out mostly during 1997 and 1998 under the leadership of President Alberto Fujimori. It is estimated that between 250,000 and 350,000 women and 20,000 men were forcibly sterilized during the program.

Amnesty International’s “Contra Su Voluntad” (“Against Her Will”) campaign. (Photo courtesy of Peru Reports).

State prosecutor Luis Antonio Burgos ordered the reopening of the criminal investigation into the matter back in May, the third time the investigation has been reopened since 2009. A 2014 investigation was closed due to a lack of evidence. The current investigation will allow the oral testimony of affected women into evidence.

The Peruvian ambassador to the Organization of American States has recently committed to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights that the government will be launching a full investigation into the programs.

The move comes in response to a recent campaign launched by Amnesty International – “Against Her Will” – which demands the government create a national register of victims. Peru’s forced sterilization program is said to be the most “emblematic” in Latin America, according to Amnesty International Americas director Ericka Guevara.

The programs were mostly carried out in rural areas of the country, and targeted poor and indigenous communities. Some victims were lured in to clinics with promises of food and medical care, while others were threatened with fines and jail time. Many women suffered medical issues as a result of the procedures such as back and abdominal pain as well as psychological trauma. A number of women also died from botched sterilizations.

Fujimori’s government promoted the program as a way to reduce the birthrate among poor and indigenous populations to reduce poverty rates in the country. Fujimori was imprisoned in 2007 on corruption and human rights abuses. He has claimed that the sterilization program was voluntary.

For more information, please see:

Thomson Reuters Foundation – Peruvian women haunted by forced sterilization seek state apology – 3 June 2015

TeleSur – Peru’s Indigenous Women Demand Justice for Forced Sterilization – 22 October, 2015

Peru Reports – Peru to investigate government’s forced sterilizations program – 27 October, 2015

Peru this Week – Japan Times: “Peruvian women seek state apology over forced sterilization under Fujimori” – 27 October 2015

Prensa Latina – Ex Peruvian President Fujimori may Face Another Trial – 27 October, 2015

Amnistia Internacional – Contra Su Voluntad – 2015

 

 

Transgender Activist Killed in Argentina

By Kaitlyn Degnan
Impunity Watch, South America

BUENOS AIRES – Argentina — Diana Sacayan, a well-known Argentine transgender activist was found dead at age 40 in her Buenos Aires apartment. Her body showed signs of violence, including multiple stab wounds.

Murdered transgender activist Diana Sacayan. (Photo courtesy of ILGA, @ILGAWORLD).

She is the third transgender woman in Argentina to have been killed in the past thirty days: Marcela Chocobar and Coty Olmos were also violently killed in Santa Fe and Santa Cruz.

Sacayan was a leader of the Antidiscrimination Liberation Movement in Argentina, and was on the board of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and intersex Association.

Amnesty International, among other organizations, are calling on Argentinian authorities to investigate the violence. Mariela Belski, executive director of Amnesty International Argentina said that, “A dark cloud has set over Argentina’s trans community. Unless this latest wave of murders is effectively investigated and those responsible taken to justice, a message will be sent that attacking trans women is actually OK.”

In 2014, the Argentine Homosexual Community reported 14 hate-crime murders.

Argentinian President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has asked the national security services and the Metropolitan police to investigate the killing. President Fernandez personally issued Sacayan’s new national identification card in 2012. Sacayan was the first person in Argentina (one of the few countries that allows citizens to change the gender on official identification documents) to have her national ID changed.

Argentina’s Special Crime Unit Against Gender Violence has made a formal motion to classify Sacayan’s death as a femicide, so the case can be investigated and tried as such. Argentina has recently seen spiked levels of femicide, with a woman being killed about one every thirty hours in the country.

Following the news of Sacayan’s death, social media was inundated with tributes and messages of outrage over her death. A vigil outside of Argentina’s supreme court building drew dozens of supporters.

Latin America has some of the highest murder rates for transgender persons, according to Amnesty International. Activist group Transgender Europe reports that from 2008 until 2014, approximately 78% of the 1,731 murders of transgender and gender-diverse persons worldwide occurred in Latin America.

 

For more information, please see:

Amnesty International – Argentina must investigate horrific wave of attacks against trans activists – 14 October 2015

The Guardian – Argentina’s third violent transgender death in a month sparks call for justice – 14 October 2015

Reuters – UPDATE 1-Outcry over the killing of three transgender women in Argentina – 14 October 2015

TeleSur – Argentine President Demands Inquiry into Trans Activist’s Death – 14 October 2015

BBC – Argentina transgender killings spark outcry – 15 October 2015

International Business Times – Who is Diana Sacayan? Transgender Activist in Argentina Found Dead After Possible Hate Crime – 15 October 2015

 

 

 

Documents Show Pinochet Ordered 1976 Assassination

By Kaitlyn Degnan
Impunity Watch Reporter, South America 

SANTIAGO, Chile — Newly declassified documents show that 1976 assassination of Chilean diplomat Orlando Letelier was directly ordered by General Augusto Pinochet. Pinochet ruled Chile as dictator from 1973 until 1990.

Orlando Letelier, along with an American co-worker, was killed by a car bomb in Washington, D.C. on September 21, 1976. A third passenger was seriously injured, but survived.

A Washington, D.C. memorial to Letelier and Ronni Moffit. (Photo courtesy of the New York Times).

Letelier was a former Chilean defense and foreign minister, a top official under Salvador Allende, the Marxist President deposed in the 1973 coup. Before fleeing to the United States, Letelier was tortured and jailed.

In the United States, Letelier lobbied against Pinochet’s government and was considered one of its most prominent opponents.

The documents included a secret 1987 memorandum written by George P. Shultz, then Secretary of State. The memorandum (addressed to President Ronald Reagan) referred to a C.I.A. report which he said contained “convincing evidence that President Pinochet personally ordered his intelligence chief to carry out the murders.”

Chilean courts held agents of DINA, the intelligent agency and Pinochet’s secret police, responsible for the murder.

The former director of DINA, General Manuel Contreras, was later tried and convicted of human rights violations in the 1990s by a Chilean court. He was sentenced to 505 years in prison, where he died on August 8, 2015.

The documents allegedly include correspondence from Contreras confirming that “all foreign operations had been approved by Pinochet.”

It has long been assumed that Pinochet was responsible for the murder, but this is the first presentation of conclusive evidence.

John Kerry gave the collection of over 280 documents to the Chilean government while in the country this week. The documents had previously been withheld from the last release of documents related to the Pinochet regime, released by the Clinton administration from 1999 to 2000. The Justice Department had renewed the investigation into the case and the withheld documents were considered potential evidence.

The release of the documents was reported by Chilean Senator Juab Pablo Letelier, son of the late Orlando Letelier. Chilean President Michelle Bachelet arranged for Senator Letelier to receive copies of the documents. He said that the documents contained “concrete information about how Pinochet covered up his responsibility.”

 

For more information, please see:

The Guardian – Pinochet directly ordered killing on US soil of Chilean diplomat, papers reveal – 8 October 2015

Reuters – U.S. documents show Pinochet ordered Letelier’s murder: Chilean senator – 8 October 2015

Washington Post – Declassified US docs reveal Pinochet ordered killing in US – 8 October 2015

Fox News Latino – Chilean dictator Pinochet personally ordered assassination of diplomat, documents reveal – 9 October 2015

New York Times – C.I.A. Believed Pinochet Ordered 1976 Assassination in U.S., Memo Reveals – 9 October 2015

 

 

 

The Atrocities of Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces

By Tyler Campbell

Impunity Watch Reporter, Africa

KHARTOUM, Sudan – This Friday Human Rights Watch reported that the Sudanese Rapid Support Forces (RSF) significantly violated international human rights and humanitarian law. This report was based on two counterinsurgency campaigns that took place in 2014 and 2015. The first campaign was called Operation Decisive Summer and took place in February to May of 2014. The second campaign was called Operation Decisive Summer II and took place from January till June 2015.

A picture of RSF Forces (Photo Curtsey of the Human Rights Watch)

The report form Human Right Watch contained quotes from 212 victims and RSF defectors who could no longer continue what they were being ordered to do. Here is the alarming quote that opened the report:

     [The government soldiers] confiscated our belongings. They took our livestock.  They beat the men. And then they raped us. They raped us in a group. Some women were raped by 8 or 10 men.  Seventeen women were raped together. All of us were raped. Even the underage girls were raped.

– “Men With No Mercy” Human Rights Watch

Even more worrying is that these men actually had orders to go about their occupations this way. Four of the defected soldiers said that their commanding officers had ordered them to carry out their operations this way.

The list of human rights violations is as long as it is startling. There have been instances of forced displacement of communities from their homes. There are also reports of the destruction of certain necessities needed to live, including wells, food supplies, and the plunder of wealth. Finally, Human Rights Watch has reported “systematic attacks on civilian populations,” which including torture, killings and mass rapes.

The RSF was first created in 2013 by Sudan’s president, Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir. It is part of Sudan’s National Intelligence and Security Services and is usually sent to rebel controlled areas, such as Darfur. These horrors are sadly not a new occurrence in Darfur. The fight between Sudan’s government and multiple rebel groups has been an ongoing story for 12 years. Even though the International Criminal Court indicted president Al Bashir in 2009. Little seems likely to change without heavy influence from the outside world.

Documentation of these atrocities is certainly a necessary step. However, it is slowly becoming a record of terrible events while the rest of the world is content to let it continue. Sadly, groups set up by the U.N. like UNAMID, the African Union-United Nations peacekeeping mission in Darfur, has been relatively ineffective at providing any aid or curtailing the RSF’s practices. The U.N. has continued to blame the Sudanese government for these less than optimal results. Claiming that the group’s access has been all but denied since they tried to gain access to Thabit in 2014.

For more information, please see:

Human Rights Watch – Men With No Mercy – 9 September 2015

NewWeek –Sudanese Government Special Forces Accused of Rape and Murder Sprees: HRW – 9 September 2015

allAfrica – Sudan: Background – Who Are the Rapid Support Forces in Sudan? – 9 September 2015 

The Guardian – Sudan’s security forces killed, raped and burned civilians alive, says rights group – 9 September 2015

Ecuador Moves to Shut Down Free Speech NGO

By Kaitlyn Degnan
Impunity Watch Reporter, South America

QUITO, Ecuador — The Ecuadorian government has passed a resolution which would initiate the legal procedures to dissolve the NGO, Fundamedios. The organization, which monitors and defends freedom of the press, has been critical of Correra and his government.

Fundamedios Directors Mauricio Alarcón-Salvador and César Ricaurte. (Photo courtesy of PanAm Post)

Fundamedios, or the Andean Foundation for the Observation and Study of the Media, was founded in 2007. Ecuador’s National Communications Secretariat (Secom) informed the organization that the dissolution was due to engagement in “partisan political activities.”

Secom cited two tweets including links to political blogs as the rationale behind the dissolution, saying that the organization had violated a statute which prohibited the organization from engaging in political activities.

Funamedios’ Executive Director César Ricuarte called the allegations “absurd,” saying: “it seems that for Secom political journalism equals to partisan politics.”

The Freedom House program director for Latin America and the Caribbean, Carlos Ponce, has also called the charges “politically motivated and glaring examples of the government’s lack of respect for freedom of speech.”

Other international observers, including the United States State Department, the Committee to Protect Journalists and Human Rights Watch have expressed concern regarding the move.

Human Rights Watch said that the Ecuadorian government should “close the administrative process against Fundamedios and repeal those norms to comply with its obligation to protect the rights to freedom of expression and association.”

Fundamedios has had issues with the Ecuadorian government in the past. It went before the Inter-American Human Rights Commission to make a case against the government in 2011. The government refuted the claim, and has kept a close eye on Fundamedios ever since.

In January of 2014, Fundamedios received notice that Secom had taken over supervisory control of the organization, and also received a request for the organization’s financial information.

This past June, Secom ordered the organization to stop issuing alerts. At the time, Executive Director Ricuarte said that Fundamedios would “continue issuing alerts whether Secom likes them or not.”

President Correra is well known for his enmity towards the press. According to Fundamedios, there have been 1305 instances of aggression against freedom of expression since 2008.

Article 16 of the American Convention of Human Rights, to which Ecuador is a signatory, states that freedom of association “shall be subject only to such restrictions established by law as may be necessary in a democratic society, in the interest of national security, public safety or public order, or to protect public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others.”

 

For more information, please see:

Organization of American States – American Convention on Human Rights – 22 November 1968

Guardian – NGO alert: Ecuadorian government orders press freedom group to disband – 9 September 2015

Human Rights Watch – Ecuador: Media Freedom Group Facing Shutdown – 9 September 2015

Journalism in the Americas Blog – Ecuadorian government starts a process to shut down Fundamedios, a freedom of expression advocate NGO – 9 September 2015

PanAm Post – Ecuadorian Regime to Dissolve Free-Speech Watchdog Fudamedios – 9 September 2015

U.S. Department of State – Ecuador: Restrictions on Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Association – 10 September 2015