Special Features

ICTJ | World Report February 2016 – Transitional Justice News and Analysis

In Focus

South Africa: Impunity, Political Interference Emerge Below Veneer of a Celebrated Reconciliation Process

After 33 years in the relentless pursuit of truth and accountability the family of anti-apartheid activist Nokuthula Simelane will finally see justice done. On 8 February 2016, the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) announced that it will charge four former apartheid security policemen with her murder and kidnapping.

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World Report

AFRICA

In South Africa, prosecutors announced that they will charge four former members of the Apartheid-era security forces with the 1983 kidnapping and murder of Nokuthula Simelane, a courier for the African National Congress. Kenya’s Vice President William Ruto faces an ongoing trial in which he is accused of committing crimes against humanity during the violence following the 2007 elections. Laurent Gbagbo, former president of Cote d’Ivoire, pled not guilty during the opening of his International Criminal Court (ICC) trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly committed in the aftermath of the contested presidential election in 2011. Meanwhile, ICC prosecutors presented 70 charges against former Lord’s Resistance Army commander Dominic Ongwen, who is accused of war crimes committed in Uganda. President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf said that the recommendations of Sierra Leone’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission are in an advanced stage of implementation. The final stage in the torture trial of Hissene Habre, former dictator of Chad, began in Senegal. South Sudan has also been urged to form a unity government by the African Centre for Transitional Justice.

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AMERICAS

The UN Security Council approved the creation of an unarmed mission to Colombia to oversee a bilateral ceasefire, if FARC rebels and the government sign a peace agreement. In Guatemala, the trial of two former military officers charged with sexual slavery against indigenous women during the country’s civil war began. The University of Saskatchewan partnered with Canada’s National Center for Truth and Reconciliation to help provide the students and the public with information past abuses committed against the country’s Indigenous Peoples. Argentina’s cabinet chief met with national human rights organizations to discuss the newly elected government’s stance on human rights issues, including truth, memory, and justice. A UN panel recommended that the United States consider reparations for African-American descendants of slaves. A team of Argentine investigators released a report disputing the official account of what happened to 43 students from Ayotzinapa, Mexico who disappeared in 2014.

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ASIA

Nepal’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons (CIEDP) urged the government to cooperate with the commissions in order to investigate civil war-era crimes, while the CIEDP forwarded a bill to parliament that would retroactively criminalize enforced disappearances. Before Myanmar’s newly elected parliament opened its first session, outgoing lawmakers passed a law providing lifetime immunity to former heads of state, while the government began releasing the first of about 100 political prisoners. In the Philippines, parliament extended the mandate of the claims board for victims of human rights violations under the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. During a visit from UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, Tamil leaders called for the UN to help uncover the fate of over 4,000 missing civilians from Sri Lanka’s civil war. In Bangladesh, the special war crimes tribunal sentenced two more people to death for crimes committed during the country’s war of independence with Pakistan.

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EUROPE

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, citizens commemorated the 22-year anniversary of a mortar attack on a Sarajevo market that killed 68 people. Meanwhile in Serbia, a court sentenced a former Bosnian Serb soldier to 10 years in prison for participating in the Srebrenica genocide, while a Serbian activist was charged for commemorating Srebrenica. European Union judges sentenced a Kosovo Serb politician to nine years in prison for war crimes. ICC judges authorized the opening of an investigation into the 2008 conflict between Georgia and Russia. The family of a union leader believed to have been killed during Spain’s civil war filed a suit asking Mexican authorities to investigate his disappearance.

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MENA

Protests over youth unemployment spread throughout several towns and cities in Tunisia. In Libya, opposing factions proposed the formation of an 18-member unity government. The foreign minister of Egypt denied that his government is cracking down on dissidents. Lawmakers in Algeria passed a package of reforms that included the reinstatement of presidential term limits.

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Publications

More Than Words: Apologies as a Form of Reparation

This report explores many of the issues and challenges likely to be faced by those considering a public apology as a form of reparation for victims of serious human rights violations.

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Opening Up Remedies in Myanmar

This briefing paper calls on the soon-to-be-established NLD-led Burmese government to seriously consider taking steps to deal with Myanmar’s troubled past as a way to help end the cycle of violence and human rights violations in the conflict-torn country.

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More Publications

Human Rights Watch: Iranian Women Still Banned from Watching Volleyball

Yesterday marked the beginning of the first ever beach volleyball tournament hosted in Iran. Despite repeated promises from the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) that the ban on women attending matches would not be upheld – women were DENIED entry at the gates and intimidated by local officials.

 

A group of Iranian women traveled far, at great personal expense, all on the assurance from the FIVB that they would finally put an end to this blatant discrimination. However, when they tried to enter the stadium they were turned away by security.
  
The FIVB made a statement, saying that there was a “slight misunderstanding” with security personnel but that this has been “resolved”.

 

Excuse our pessimism, but we’re growing tired of these empty promises.  Unless this discriminatory ban is overturned, Iranian women who want to attend matches will continue to face great risks.  
 
We have TWO more days left in the tournament, TWO more days to pressure the FIVB to let the women of Iran watch volleyball.
 
Help us achieve this by sharing our call to #Watch4Women on Twitter and Facebook.

 

Tweet the FIVB now!

 

Paste the message below on the FIVB’s Facebook page
Shame on you FIVB for failing the women of Iran, yet again. Let women attend the Kish Open in Iran. #Watch4Women bit.ly/1O3Mh6B

 

Stand with Human Rights Watch and the women of Iran. Visit http://www.hrw.org/watch4women to find out how you can pressure the FIVB to ban Iran from hosting until they stop banning women.

 

With much gratitude,

 

Minky Worden,
Director, Global Initiatives, Communications
Human Rights Watch

ICTJ | In Focus: Japan’s Apology to South Korea Shows What Public Apologies Should (Not) Do

In Focus

Japan’s Apology to South Korea Shows What Public Apologies Should (Not) Do

In this op-ed, ICTJ President David Tolbert argues that Japan’s recent, controversial apology to South Korean “comfort women” falls short of international standards.

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Other News

Lebanon: ICTJ Study Shows Viability of a National Commission to Uncover Fate of the Missing and Disappeared

Twenty-five years after the end of the Lebanese Civil War, the families of the missing and forcibly disappeared in Lebanon are still waiting for answers about the fate of their loved ones. A new report by the International Center for Transitional Justice says the country seems to be ready to address this issue through an independent national commission and lays out the features of a successful future commission.

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As ICC Holds Key Hearing in Ongwen Case, LRA Victims in Uganda Need More Than Prosecutions

Ugandan victims of the LRA have waited over a decade to see the group’s leadership held accountable for crimes committed during the armed conflict with Uganda’s government. They saw it happen last week, when former LRA commander Dominic Ongwen appeared in court for an important hearing at the International Criminal Court.

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Publications

More Than Words: Apologies as a Form of Reparation

This report explores many of the issues and challenges likely to be faced by those considering a public apology as a form of reparation for victims of serious human rights violations.

View Report

Opening Up Remedies in Myanmar

This briefing paper calls on the soon-to-be-established NLD-led Burmese government to seriously consider taking steps to deal with Myanmar’s troubled past as a way to help end the cycle of violence and human rights violations in the conflict-torn country.

View Report

More Publications

Press Release- Measuring the Hate: The State of Antisemitism on Social Media

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: On International Holocaust Remembrance Day (January 27th) the Online Hate Prevention Institute has released a groundbreaking report “Measuring the Hate: The State of Antisemitism on Social Media”. The report tracks over 2000 items of antisemitism reported to Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The items were tracked over 10 months and at the end of the period, only 20 per cent has been removed.

The response by social media platforms is unacceptable given the a sharp rise in violent hate crimes against Jewish people around the world. Last year, we saw four French Jews killed in an attack on a Jewish supermarket, a community security volunteer killed outside a Synagogue in Denmark, multiple knife attacks on Jews in Israel and a range of other serious antisemitic incidents. Rampant online antisemitism is also playing a significant role in self-radicalisation and the spread of violent extremism in parts of the Arab world and within some Muslim communities.

The new report examines the spread of antisemitism across Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. It also explores the spread across four categories of antisemitism. In both cases the removal rates over time are presented. This report is a world first in empirically examining these issues the responses of the world’s three largest social media platforms.

The four categories of antisemitism explored are:  the promotion of violence against Jews; traditional antisemitism such as conspiracy theories, racial slurs, and accusations such as the blood libel; Holocaust denial; and New Antisemitism which relates to the State of Israel. Traditional antisemitism accounted for almost half the items reported.

The report also outlines where each type of antisemitism occurs, with content promoting violence against Jews far more likely to be found on Twitter, while content promoting Holocaust denial was most likely to be found on YouTube. There was also evidence of significant variations in way the social media companies responded to online antisemitism.

Within each company there was a significant variation depending on the category of antisemitism. The best response rates came from Facebook where content promoting violence against Jews showed a 75% chance of eventually being removed. The worst case was YouTube videos containing New Antisemitism, that is, antisemitism related to the State of Israel, where only 4% has been removed after more than 10 months.

Online hate speech is fuelling hate crimes around the world. Governments are starting to respond to the inadequate response by social media companies to this problem. Last year, German prosecutors launched a criminal investigation against senior Facebook executives in response to growing incitement on the platform against immigrants, and Facebook, Google and Twitter have since agreed to remove hate speech reported in Germany within 24 hours and to use the definition of German law rather than their own standards. Facebook has since announced a one million dollar project to tackle online hate in Europe.

Dr Andre Oboler, CEO of the Online Hate Prevention Institute warned that, “time is running out for social media platforms to improve their response to the crisis of dangerous content their technology is helping to spread through society. Governments around the world are demanding better regulation of hate, incitement and radicalisation material. This report shows that some platforms are doing more to meet this challenge than others, but all have a long way to go. The current situation is simply not good enough.”

The full report is available at: http://ohpi.org.au/measuring-antisemitism/

NOTES

The Online Hate Prevention Institute (OHPI) is an Australian charity dedicated to tackling the problem of online hate including antisemitism, online extremism, cyber-racism, cyber-bullying, online religious vilification, online misogyny, and other forms of online hate attacking individuals and groups in society. OHPI aims to be a world leader in combating online hate and a critical partner who works with key stakeholders to improve the prevention and mitigation of online hate and the harm it causes. Ultimately, OHPI seeks to facilitate a change in online culture so that hate in all its forms becomes as socially unacceptable online as it is in “real life”.